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A Level Computer Science Paper 1 > 1.3.3 Networks - The Internet > Flashcards

1.3.3 Networks - The Internet Flashcards

1
Q

Internet

A

A network of interconnected devices

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2
Q

World Wide Web

A

A collection of resources accessible via the internet

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3
Q

Backbone

A

A set of dedicated connectors that connect several large networks at different points on the globe

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4
Q

Internet Protocol (IP) Address

A

A unique identifier for each device on a network, IPv4 has four 8-bit values separated by dots

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5
Q

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

A

Specifies the means of accessing a resource across a network as well as its location
Handled by internet registries

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6
Q

Domain Name System (DNS)

A

The architecture used to map a URL to an IP address. Stored in a DNS server

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7
Q

Finding an IP address

A

Checked by the local DNS, the client’s known DNS server, the root DNS then the .co DNS until one can find the IP address

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8
Q

Protocol

A

The first part of a URL, usually https:

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9
Q

Host server name

A

The second part of a URL, the name of the server, often www.

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10
Q

Domain name and second domain name

A

The domain name is the name of the website e.g. ocr/bbc

The second domain name is usually the type e.g. .edu/.sch

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11
Q

Circuit Switching

A

Creating a communication connection between two endpoints for the duration of data transfer

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12
Q

Packets

A

The equal size chunks that data is broken down into and are received

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13
Q

Latency

A

The time taken for a packet to reach its endpoint

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14
Q

Transportation of Packets

A

Routers store data about available routes to neighbouring routers in a routing table. The router will send the packet to the nearest router that doesn’t go backwards, this is repeated to the end destination.

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15
Q

Hop

A

A transfer of packets between routers

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16
Q

Sequence number

A

Tells the receiver which order the packets should be in

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17
Q

What does a header contain?

A

The sender and recipient’s IP address, the protocol being used, the time to live (hop limit) and packet number x of y

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18
Q

What does a trailer contain?

A

The end of packet flag and checksum/CRC (cyclic redundancy checking). Used to check the data has not been corrupted.

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19
Q

Packet size

A

Typically 500-1500 bytes
Packets are small to ensure that packets don’t take too long to transfer but not too large that adding headers and trailers slows it down.

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20
Q

Protocol

A

A set of rules, or a formal description, of the format of digital transmission

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21
Q

TCP/IP and layers

A

Transmission control protocol / internet protocol

A stack, top to bottom: application, transport, network, link

22
Q

Application layer

A

Defines what information is put together to send data and what protocol should be used, displays to the user on return

23
Q

Transport layer

A

Splits the data into a series of packets and numbers each, requests retransmission of lost packets. Reorders packets upon receiving

24
Q

Network layer

A

Addresses packets with the source and destination IP addresses, removes on return.

25
Q

Link layer

A

Adds the MAC address of the source and destination or the router if across a different network, removes MAC address on return.

26
Q

MAC address

A

Media Access Control - Uniquely identifies a physical device with a network interface card.
A 48-bit 12-digit hexadecimal number

27
Q

Port number

A

Used to alert a specific application to deal with data sent to a computer, used by a protocol to specify what data is sent

28
Q

FTP

A

File transfer protocol - An application level protocol used to move files across a network

29
Q

Email protocols

A

Use SMTP to send, POP3 to download from a mail server and IMAP to manage emails on a server. POP3 is only on one computer, IMAP across multiple.

30
Q

Firewall security uses

A

Only open certain ports so only certain traffic can enter

31
Q

Packet filtering

A

Where the firewall inspects packets to see which port they are trying to enter

32
Q

Proxy server

A

Makes a request on behalf of your computer, hides the request IP address from the recipient

33
Q

Proxy server uses

A

Enables anonymous surfing, filters undesirable web content, logs user data with their request, produces a cache of previously visited sites

34
Q

Botnets

A

A collection of software robots which infect unknowing computers

35
Q

Distributed denial of service (DDoS)

A

Where a malicious user sabotages a network of infected computers to sabotage a website or server by sending many requests

36
Q

Hacking

A

The process by which cyber criminals take over a computer

37
Q

Malware

A

Software which infects the computer that it is being run on

38
Q

Pharming

A

Redirecting a URL to send users to a malicious website

39
Q

Phishing

A

Fake emails or text messages created to look like they are from a legitimate source

40
Q

Ransomware

A

Malware which requires you to pay a ransom to bypass it. Lock screen malware prevents access, encryption malware stops you accessing data

41
Q

Spam

A

Mass distribution of unsolicited messages

42
Q

Spoofing

A

A website or email address designed to appear like a legitimate source

43
Q

Spyware

A

Software which connects personal information without you knowing

44
Q

Trojan Horses

A

A malicious program disguised as or embedded in legitimate software

45
Q

Viruses

A

Malicious computer programs intended to infect you and your contacts

46
Q

Wi-FI eavesdropping

A

Recording information communicated over an unsecure Wi-Fi network

47
Q

Worm

A

A malicious program stored in memory which can self-replicate.

48
Q

HTTP

A

Hypertext Text Transfer Protocol

49
Q

SMTP

A

Simple Mixed Transfer Protocol

50
Q

IMAP

A

Internet Messaging Access Protocol

51
Q

Blagging

A

A type of attack in which the attacker creates a situation in which the user shares confidential information or performs actions that aren’t usually performed

52
Q

Firewall

A

A device deigned to prevent unauthorised access to a network. Consists of two NICs between the user and the internet.

A Level Computer Science Paper 1 (23 decks)

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