133: Skin Manifestations of Internal Organ Disorders Flashcards
(157 cards)
1
Q
What are the characteristics of central cyanosis?
A
Purple-blue discoloration due to low arterial oxygen saturation caused by lung disease or shunt physiology. Visible in warm areas of the skin, such as the tongue, oral mucosa, and conjunctivae.
2
Q
What are the characteristics of peripheral cyanosis?
A
Normal arterial oxygen saturation but reduced blood flow due to low-output cardiac failure or vasoconstriction. Seen in cooler areas like the nose, lips, earlobes, and fingertips.
3
Q
What are the nail changes associated with cardiovascular disease?
A
Nail changes include clubbing (increased curvature of the nails) and Quincke pulsation (flushing of the nail beds synchronous with the heartbeat, indicative of aortic regurgitation).
4
Q
What is the significance of the diagonal earlobe crease (Frank sign) in relation to coronary artery disease?
A
The diagonal earlobe crease has been controversially associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease, particularly in older individuals.
5
Q
What are the common manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) related to the cardiovascular system?
A
Common cardiovascular manifestations include pericarditis, myocarditis, and Libman-Sacks endocarditis.
6
Q
What are the potential cardiovascular complications associated with systemic sclerosis?
A
Complications include pericarditis, small vessel disease causing patchy fibrosis in the myocardium, and increased risk of myocardial infarction.
7
Q
What is cyanosis and what causes it?
A
Cyanosis is a purple-blue discoloration of the skin caused by an increase in the absolute amount of desaturated hemoglobin.
8
Q
What are Osler nodes and how do they present?
A
Osler nodes are painful, tender lesions resulting from immune complex deposition, located distally on the digital tufts, presenting as erythematous or hemorrhagic macules, papules, or nodules.
9
Q
What is digital clubbing and what does it indicate?
A
Digital clubbing is characterized by increased distal fingertip mass and changes in nail plate curvature, often indicating underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disease.
10
Q
What are the skin manifestations associated with autoimmune connective tissue diseases?
A
Skin manifestations can include rashes, lesions, and changes in pigmentation, often linked to conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis.
11
Q
What is the clinical significance of Quincke pulsation?
A
Quincke pulsation is the flushing of the nail beds synchronous with the heartbeat, indicative of aortic regurgitation.
12
Q
What is the relationship between psoriasis treatment and myocardial infarction?
A
There have been reports of decreased rates of myocardial infarction after treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and methotrexate in psoriasis patients.
13
Q
What is the hallmark finding in small vessel disease of the myocardium associated with systemic sclerosis?
A
The hallmark finding is patchy fibrosis of the myocardium.
14
Q
What is the likely cause of neonatal lupus in a newborn?
A
Neonatal lupus is caused by transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies, most often anti-Ro/SSA.
15
Q
What is the histological composition of the valve deposits in Libman-Sacks endocarditis?
A
The deposits consist of immune complexes, fibrin, platelet thrombi, and mononuclear cells.
16
Q
What is the most common cardiac manifestation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
A
The most common cardiac manifestation is pericarditis.
17
Q
What skin manifestations are associated with sarcoidosis?
A
Skin manifestations include noncaseating granulomas appearing as smooth papules, plaques, or nodules, and can also present as psoriasiform, ulcerative, or photodistributed lesions.
18
Q
What are the pulmonary manifestations associated with systemic sclerosis?
A
Pulmonary manifestations include interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary arterial hypertension, with symptoms like dyspnea on exertion and a nonproductive cough.
19
Q
What is aquagenic wrinkling of the palms also known as?
A
Aquagenic palmoplantar keratoderma.
20
Q
What are the signs of jaundice related to liver dysfunction?
A
Jaundice is characterized by a generalized yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae when bilirubin levels exceed 3 mg/dL.
21
Q
What pigmentary changes can occur in patients with cirrhosis?
A
Patients may develop guttate hypomelanosis, diffuse muddy gray color, hyperpigmentation in primary biliary cirrhosis, and striking generalized metallic gray or bronze-brown color in hemochromatosis.
22
Q
What is cholestatic pruritus and its common causes?
A
Cholestatic pruritus can be severe and is more common in conditions like primary biliary sclerosis, sclerosing cholangitis, and biliary obstruction, often linked to retained cutaneous bile acids.
23
Q
What are the clinical implications of hemochromatosis?
A
Hemochromatosis leads to iron overload, hepatomegaly, transaminitis, cirrhosis, increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, and diffuse bronze hyperpigmentation.
24
Q
What are the common skin findings associated with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
A
Skin findings include palpable purpura, livedo reticularis, and urticarial lesions.
25
What is the most common pulmonary manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis?
Interstitial lung disease (ILD).
26
What are the vascular lesions commonly seen in the hepatobiliary system?
Common vascular lesions include telangiectasias, spider angiomas, and palmar erythema.
27
What nail changes are associated with liver disease?
Nail changes include clubbing, koilonychia, thickening and transverse white lines (Muehrcke nails), Terry nails, and blue discoloration of the lunulae in Wilson disease.
28
What are the two main presentations of pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis?
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
29
What skin findings are associated with granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
Skin findings include palpable purpura, oral ulcers, and papulonecrotic lesions.
30
What is Yellow Nail Syndrome characterized by?
Thickened and yellow or yellow-green nails, disappearance of the cuticle, and associated nail abnormalities.
31
What are the clinical implications of hemochromatosis?
Hemochromatosis is caused by a mutation in the HFE gene, leading to increased intestinal iron absorption and iron overload. Clinical implications include: - Iron deposition in the liver causing hepatomegaly, transaminitis, and eventual cirrhosis. - Increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. - Diffuse bronze hyperpigmentation visible in 70% of patients at presentation due to iron deposition and increased melanin.
32
What is graft-versus-host disease and its common skin manifestations?
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, where transplanted immune cells recognize the recipient's cells as foreign. Common skin manifestations include: - Acute GVHD: nonspecific morbilliform eruption. - Chronic GVHD: poikiloderma, lichen planus-like lesions, and scleroderma-like lesions, often involving the eyes and oral mucosa.
33
What is a rare condition associated with cystic fibrosis that causes transient formation of papules and plaques on the palms?
Edematous, translucent papules and plaques that form within minutes of water exposure.
34
What infectious diseases may present with characteristic cutaneous findings?
Tuberculosis, endemic mycoses (e.g., coccidiomycosis, blastomycosis), and angioinvasive fungi (e.g., aspergillosis, mucormycosis).
35
What are spider angiomas and their significance in alcoholic cirrhosis?
Spider angiomas are small vascular lesions that can indicate esophageal varicosities and future risk of esophageal bleeding in alcoholic cirrhosis.
36
What nail changes are associated with iron deficiency anemia and hemochromatosis?
Koilonychia, which is a spoon-shaped nail deformity.
37
What is the bilirubin level that indicates jaundice?
Total serum bilirubin levels greater than 3 mg/dL.
38
What skin changes can occur in patients with long-standing cirrhosis?
Guttate hypomelanosis or diffuse muddy gray color, and hyperpigmentation in primary biliary cirrhosis.
39
What is cholestatic pruritus and its common causes?
Severe and refractory itching, more common in primary biliary sclerosis, sclerosing cholangitis, and biliary obstruction.
40
What are the signs of hemochromatosis?
Increased intestinal iron absorption, liver enlargement, transaminitis, and diffuse bronze hyperpigmentation.
41
What is graft-versus-host disease and its common manifestations?
A complication of allogeneic stem cell transplant where immune cells attack host cells, commonly affecting the skin, liver, and GI tract.
42
A patient with alcoholic cirrhosis develops spider angiomas on the face and upper chest. What is the significance of these lesions?
Spider angiomas are associated with esophageal varicosities and may be a predictive marker of future risk of esophageal bleeding.
43
What is Wilson Disease and what are its key features?
Wilson Disease is a hereditary condition characterized by defective cellular copper transport leading to copper accumulation in various organs, primarily the liver, brain, and cornea. Key features include: - **Kayser-Fleischer rings**: Corneal depositions visible with slit-lamp examination. - **Symptoms**: Can include liver dysfunction, neurological symptoms, and psychiatric issues.
44
What are the clinical manifestations of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC)?
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease affecting women aged 40 to 60, characterized by: - **Destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts** leading to hyperbilirubinemia and cirrhosis. - **Symptoms**: Pruritus, jaundice, diffuse hyperpigmentation, and xanthomas (which can be eruptive, planar, or tuberous). - **Associated conditions**: Lichen planus and potential association with limited scleroderma (CREST syndrome).
45
What skin manifestations are associated with Hepatitis B and C infections?
Hepatitis B and C infections can lead to various skin manifestations, including: - **Transient rashes**: Morbilliform, urticarial, or petechial. - **Cryoglobulinemia**: More common in HCV, often Type III, indicating active viral replication. - **Gianotti-Crosti syndrome**: Eruption of monomorphic, flat-topped, erythematous papules on the face and limbs, often seen in children.
46
What gastrointestinal conditions are associated with cutaneous findings?
Several gastrointestinal conditions are associated with cutaneous findings, including: - **Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia** - **Pseudoxanthoma elasticum** - **Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vascular type)** - **Kaposi sarcoma** - **Mastocytosis** - **Inflammatory bowel disease** - **Polyposis syndromes**. These conditions can lead to gastrointestinal bleeding and various skin manifestations.
47
What are the common skin manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)?
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) can present with several skin manifestations, including: - **Recurrent episodes of abdominal pain** - **GI bleeding** - **Diarrhea** - **Skin lesions**: Such as erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum, which may occur in association with IBD.
48
What are the key features of Dermatitis Herpetiformis?
Dermatitis Herpetiformis is a skin condition associated with celiac disease characterized by: - **Intensely pruritic rash**: Grouped excoriated papules and vesicles. - **Location**: Typically found over the buttocks and extensor surfaces. - **Pathophysiology**: Antitransglutaminase antibodies bind to keratinocytes, leading to the skin manifestations.
49
What is primary biliary cirrhosis and its common symptoms?
Primary biliary cirrhosis is an autoimmune disease affecting women aged 40 to 60, characterized by the destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts, leading to hyperbilirubinemia and cirrhosis. Common symptoms include pruritus, jaundice, diffuse hyperpigmentation, and xanthomas.
50
What skin condition is associated with hepatitis B and C infections?
Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, which presents as an eruption of monomorphic, flat-topped, erythematous papules on the face and limbs, is associated with hepatitis B and C infections.
51
What are some gastrointestinal diseases associated with GI bleeding and their cutaneous findings?
Diseases such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Kaposi sarcoma, and inflammatory bowel disease are associated with GI bleeding and have cutaneous findings.
52
What are the common skin manifestations of malabsorption?
Common skin manifestations of malabsorption include xerosis, eczematous dermatitis, cheilitis, alopecia, changes in hair texture, nail changes, and hyperpigmentation.
53
What is the significance of Cullen sign and Grey Turner sign in abdominal pain?
Cullen sign (bruising around the umbilicus) and Grey Turner sign (bruising on the flanks) are well-known features of acute pancreatitis, indicating potential internal bleeding or severe abdominal conditions.
54
What is the relationship between dermatitis herpetiformis and celiac disease?
Dermatitis herpetiformis occurs in celiac disease when antitransglutaminase antibodies bind to keratinocytes, presenting as intensely pruritic grouped excoriated papules and vesicles over the buttocks and extensor surfaces.
55
What are the common etiologies of esophageal involvement in skin conditions?
Common etiologies include blistering dermatoses such as epidermolysis bullosa and cicatricial pemphigoid, as well as rheumatologic disorders like Behçet syndrome and systemic sclerosis (SSc).
56
What are the common organs involved in Kaposi Sarcoma?
The most common organs involved in Kaposi Sarcoma are the gastrointestinal tract and lungs.
57
A patient with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) presents with severe pruritus and hyperpigmentation. What is the underlying cause of these symptoms?
Pruritus is due to retained cutaneous bile acids, and hyperpigmentation is caused by melanin deposition.
58
A patient with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection develops recurrent palpable purpura and arthritis. What is the likely underlying condition?
The likely condition is mixed cryoglobulinemia, which is usually Type III in HCV infection and may indicate active viral replication.
59
A patient with Wilson disease presents with brown corneal depositions visible on slit-lamp examination. What are these called, and what is their significance?
These are Kayser-Fleischer rings, which indicate copper deposition in the cornea due to defective cellular copper transport.
60
A patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome develops gastrointestinal bleeding. What is the likely cause?
The likely cause is vascular fragility, which can lead to bleeding in the gut.
61
A patient with chronic pancreatitis develops tender subcutaneous nodular areas of fat necrosis. What is the diagnosis?
The diagnosis is pancreatic panniculitis.
62
A patient with systemic sclerosis develops sclerodactyly and telangiectasia. What syndrome might this indicate?
This might indicate CREST syndrome, which includes calcinosis cutis, Raynaud phenomenon, esophageal motility disorder, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia.
63
What are common oral lesions associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?
Common oral lesions include **aphthae** and **granulomatous cheilitis**. These lesions can be related to active bowel inflammation and may appear in healthy patients as well.
64
What is pyoderma gangrenosum and its association with IBD?
Pyoderma gangrenosum is a skin condition seen in 1% to 10% of patients with IBD. It presents with ulcers that have a **violaceous** or **metallic gray undermined border** and preferentially involves the peristomal area and sites of trauma.
65
What are the characteristics of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)?
FAP is an **autosomal dominant condition** characterized by numerous adenomatous polyps in the colon and rectum, leading to a nearly 100% risk of colorectal cancer by age 30. It may also present with extracolonic manifestations such as epidermoid cysts and osteomas.
66
What skin manifestations are associated with renal system disorders?
Skin manifestations include a **sallow appearance**, **pruritus**, **xerosis**, **acquired perforating dermatosis**, **pseudoporphyria**, **calciphylaxis**, and **uremic frost**. The skin may also appear pale due to anemia and exhibit a muddy hue from accumulated pigments.
67
What are the nail changes observed in patients undergoing dialysis?
Nail changes include **Lindsay nails** (half-and-half nails), **Beau lines**, **onycholysis**, and **nailfold capillary abnormalities**. Lindsay nails show a dull-white color proximally and a non-blanching red, pink, or brown color distally.
68
What is calciphylaxis and its treatment options?
Calciphylaxis is characterized by **painful violaceous mottling** and **fixed livedo reticularis** that progresses to plaques of retiform purpura, black eschar, and ulceration. Treatment includes **sodium thiosulfate**, **low calcium bath dialysis**, and **aggressive wound care**.
69
What is the relationship between porphyria cutanea tarda and hemodialysis?
Porphyria cutanea tarda may occur in patients with **end-stage renal disease (ESRD)** on dialysis due to inadequate clearance of plasma-bound porphyrins, leading to skin fragility and blister formation in sun-exposed areas.
70
What are common oral lesions associated with bowel inflammation?
Aphthae and other oral lesions can be related to bowel inflammation.
71
What is the most common cause of pyoderma gangrenosum?
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the most common cause, affecting 25% to 50% of cases.
72
What skin manifestations are associated with renal system issues?
Skin manifestations include a sallow appearance, pruritus, xerosis, and uremic frost.
73
What is the significance of Lindsay nails in patients on dialysis?
Lindsay nails, characterized by half-and-half appearance, are seen in dialysis patients and resolve with renal transplantation.
74
What is calciphylaxis and its treatment?
Calciphylaxis is characterized by painful violaceous mottling and requires multimodal treatment including sodium thiosulfate and aggressive wound care.
75
What is the relationship between porphyria cutanea tarda and hemodialysis?
Porphyria cutanea tarda may occur in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis due to inadequate clearance of plasma-bound porphyrins.
76
What are the characteristics of the skin changes in bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome?
Erythematous macules with central vesicle or pustule formation, along with nonerosive, asymmetric, episodic polyarthritis.
77
What are the risks associated with familial adenomatous polyposis?
Familial adenomatous polyposis leads to colorectal cancer with nearly 100% certainty starting at age 20 to 30 years.
78
What are the skin manifestations of renal pruritus in hemodialysis patients?
Skin may appear normal or show secondary changes like lichenification, excoriation, and hyperpigmentation.
79
What is the clinical significance of Beau lines in nail changes?
Beau lines indicate underlying health issues and can be associated with various conditions, including renal failure.
80
A patient with ESRD on dialysis presents with skin fragility and blister formation in sun-exposed areas. What is the likely diagnosis?
The likely diagnosis is bullous dermatosis of dialysis or pseudoporphyria, which is clinically indistinguishable from porphyria cutanea tarda but has normal plasma porphyrin levels.
81
A patient with longstanding cirrhosis develops a diffuse muddy gray skin color. What is the cause of this pigmentation?
The pigmentation is due to the accumulation of carotenoid and nitrogenous pigments (urochromes) in the dermis.
82
A patient with Crohn disease presents with granulomatous nodules in the oral mucosa. What is the characteristic appearance of these lesions?
The lesions coalesce to give a 'cobblestone' appearance.
83
A patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome has small darkly pigmented macules on the lips and buccal mucosa. What is the associated gastrointestinal risk?
The patient has an increased risk of recurrent intussusception and a 2% risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the stomach, duodenum, and colon.
84
A patient with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis develops painful violaceous mottling and black eschar on the skin. What is the diagnosis, and what is the prognosis?
The diagnosis is calciphylaxis, which has a high mortality rate of roughly 50% at 1 year, most often due to sepsis.
85
A patient with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis develops uremic frost. What is the underlying mechanism?
Uremic frost is caused by eccrine deposition of urea crystals on the skin surface in individuals with severe uremia.
86
A patient with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops pyoderma gangrenosum. What is the characteristic appearance of the ulcers?
The ulcers present with a violaceous or metallic gray undermined border and preferentially involve the peristomal area and sites of trauma.
87
What is uremic frost?
Uremic frost is caused by eccrine deposition of urea crystals on the skin surface in individuals with severe uremia.
88
What is the characteristic appearance of ulcers in a patient with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who develops pyoderma gangrenosum?
The ulcers present with a violaceous or metallic gray undermined border and preferentially involve the peristomal area and sites of trauma.
89
What treatment can reduce iron levels in the liver for a patient with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis who develops bullous dermatosis?
Phlebotomy can reduce iron levels in the liver, allowing new hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase to be formed.
90
What is the histological type of polyps associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?
The associated polyps are a histologically unique type of hamartomatous polyp.
91
What is the spectrum associated with ESRD and diabetes involving transepidermal elimination of collagen or elastic fibers?
Acquired perforating dermatoses (Kyrle disease) is associated with ESRD and diabetes, occurring in 10% of patients undergoing hemodialysis, characterized by hyperkeratotic papules or nodules with a central crust-filled plug.
92
What are the proposed mechanisms for Kyrle disease in patients with ESRD?
Proposed mechanisms include: 1. Diabetic microangiopathy 2. Dysregulation of vitamin A or D metabolism 3. Abnormality of collagen or elastic fibers 4. Inflammation and connective tissue degradation by dermal deposition of substances such as uric acid and calcium pyrophosphate.
93
What treatments may be useful for Kyrle disease?
Topical and intralesional glucocorticoids, topical and systemic retinoids, cryotherapy, and ultraviolet light may be useful in treating Kyrle disease.
94
What is familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)?
FAP is the autosomal dominant condition consisting of many adenomatous polyps without extracolonic manifestations that leads to colorectal cancer with nearly 100% certainty starting at age 20 to 30 years.
95
What does flushing of the nail beds synchronous with the heartbeat indicate?
The flushing of the nail beds synchronous with the heartbeat is indicative of aortic regurgitation.
96
At what serum bilirubin level does jaundice become evident?
Jaundice becomes evident when serum bilirubin levels reach approximately 2-3 mg/dL.
97
What are the two most common organs involved in Kaposi sarcoma?
The two most common organs involved in Kaposi sarcoma are the skin and the gastrointestinal tract.
98
Is phlebotomy well tolerated by ESRD patients in treating bullous dermatosis of hemodialysis?
False. Phlebotomy is often not well tolerated by patients with ESRD due to significant anemia.
99
What is the most common cause of pyoderma gangrenosum?
The most common cause of pyoderma gangrenosum is inflammatory bowel disease, occurring in approximately 50% of cases.
100
What are corneal depositions that are brown or gray-green rings visible with slit-lamp exam?
Corneal depositions that appear as brown or gray-green rings are known as Kayser-Fleischer rings, which are associated with Wilson's disease.
101
What disease presents with striking generalized metallic gray or bronze-brown color of the skin?
This presentation is characteristic of hemochromatosis, a condition of iron overload.
102
What are the cardiac findings associated with Cardiocutaneous syndrome?
- Structural heart defects
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (CMO)
103
What cutaneous findings are associated with Costello syndrome?
- Loose skin
- Large mouth
- Acanthosis nigricans
- Peeling/palmar keratoderma
104
What are the cardiac manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?
- Aortic dilation and dissection
- Mitral valve prolapse
105
What cutaneous findings are associated with Fabry disease?
- Angiokeratomas corporis diffusum
106
What are the cardiac findings in patients with Hemochromatosis?
- Dilated cardiomyopathy (CMO)
- Electrical disturbances
107
What cutaneous manifestations are seen in patients with Marfan syndrome?
- Striae
- Arachnodactyly
- Ectopia lentis perforans
108
What are the cardiac findings associated with Systemic lupus erythematosus?
- Myocarditis
- Pericarditis
- Conduction abnormalities
- Valvulopathy
109
What cutaneous findings are associated with Psoriasis?
- Well-demarcated erythematous plaques with silvery scale
110
What are the cardiac manifestations of Rheumatoid arthritis?
- Pericarditis
- Myocarditis
- Increased risk of CAD, CHF
111
What cutaneous findings are associated with Sarcoidosis?
- Erythema nodosum
- Subcutaneous nodules
112
What are the pulmonary findings associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?
- Pulmonary vascular lesions
- Infarction
- Hemoptysis
- Pleural effusions
113
What skin findings are associated with Sweet syndrome?
- Pink purple edematous papules
- Nodules
- Erythema
- Edema
114
What are the pulmonary findings associated with systemic lupus erythematosus?
- Pleuritis
- Pneumonia
- Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
- Pulmonary hypertension
115
What are the cutaneous findings associated with dermatomyositis?
- Gottron papules
- Heliotrope rash
- Shawl sign
- Mechanic's hands
116
What are the pulmonary manifestations associated with tuberculosis?
- Cough
- Dyspnea
- Hemoptysis
- COPD
- Pleuritis
- Pleural effusions
117
What skin findings are associated with varicella?
- Papulovesicles
- Pustules
- Hemorrhagic crusts at different stages of development
118
What are the pulmonary findings associated with bronchiectasis?
- Chronic cough
- Dyspnea
- Wheezing
- Hemoptysis
119
What are the pulmonary findings associated with Marfan syndrome?
- Emphysema changes
- Spontaneous pneumothorax
120
What skin findings are associated with Kaposi sarcoma?
- Red papules
- Plaques
- Nodules on skin and mucosa
121
What are the pulmonary findings associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?
- Lung cysts
- Spontaneous pneumothorax
122
What skin findings are associated with Behçet syndrome?
- Oral/genital ulcers
- Punctate eruptions
- Pyoderma gangrenosum-like lesions
123
What pulmonary manifestation is common in systemic sclerosis?
ILD (interstitial lung disease) and pulmonary hypertension.
124
What are the gastrointestinal symptoms associated with Systemic lupus erythematosus?
- Esophagitis
- Intestinal pseudob obstruction
- Protein-losing enteropathy
- Pancreatitis
125
What are the cutaneous findings associated with Tuberculosis?
- Lupus vulgaris
- Scrofuloderma
- Other tuberculous lesions
126
What gastrointestinal symptoms are associated with Ulcerative colitis?
Symptoms include continuous inflammation of the rectum and large bowel, with a risk of toxic megacolon.
127
What are the cutaneous findings associated with Malignant atrophic papulosis?
Cutaneous findings include crops of porcelain-white atrophic papules with telangiectatic border.
128
What are the gastrointestinal symptoms of Behçet syndrome?
Gastrointestinal symptoms include oral ulcers, perforation, and proctitis.
129
What are the cutaneous findings associated with Scurvy?
Cutaneous findings include perifollicular purpura, corkscrew hairs, and conjunctival hemorrhage.
130
What are the cutaneous findings associated with Systemic sclerosis?
Cutaneous findings include Raynaud phenomenon, sclerodactyly, dysphagia, and microstomia.
131
What are some gastrointestinal manifestations associated with Carcinoid syndrome?
Small bowel tumor causing 75% abdominal pain, diarrhea.
132
What cutaneous findings are associated with Glucagonoma?
Necrolytic migratory erythema.
133
What are the gastrointestinal symptoms of Mastocytosis?
Patients with abdominal symptoms, one-third experience pain, vomiting, diarrhea, bleeding.
134
What gastrointestinal manifestation is associated with Kaposi sarcoma?
GI bleeding.
135
What are the cutaneous findings associated with Tuberculosis?
Lupus vulgaris, scrofuloderma, and other tuberculosis (TB) skin manifestations.
136
What gastrointestinal symptoms are associated with Systemic lupus erythematosus?
Esophagitis, intestinal pseudobulbar obstruction, protein-losing enteropathy.
137
What are the gastrointestinal manifestations of Ulcerative colitis?
Continuous inflammation of the bowel and increased risk of toxic megacolon.
138
What cutaneous findings are associated with Amyloidosis?
Purpura, periorbital ecchymosis, waxy papules and plaques.
139
What are the gastrointestinal symptoms of Scurvy?
Gingivitis, gradual blood loss resulting in anemia.
140
What are the renal findings associated with Behçet syndrome?
Glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis.
141
What skin findings are associated with Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's)?
Palpable purpura, friable gingiva, ulcers, papulonecrotic lesions.
142
What renal findings are associated with Systemic sclerosis?
Malignant hypertension, rapidly progressive renal failure.
143
What are the cutaneous findings associated with Tuberous sclerosis?
Facial angiofibromas, periungual fibromas, ash leaf macules, shagreen patch, connective tissue nevus.
144
What thyroid disorder is associated with myxedema?
Hypothyroidism.
145
What are the cutaneous findings associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis?
Associated with alopecia areata, connective tissue disease flares, and distinct mucocutaneous candidiasis.
146
What are the renal findings associated with Amyloidosis?
Proteinuria, renal insufficiency.
147
What skin findings are associated with the thyroid disorder known as Graves disease?
Thyroid dermopathy (pretibial myxedema), painless non-itchy myxedema and plaques with a waxy, indurated texture.
148
What are the renal findings associated with Systemic lupus erythematosus?
Glomerulonephritis, nephritis, renal failure.
149
What are the cutaneous findings associated with the thyroid disorder known as Toxic multinodular goiter?
Soft, shiny, velvety skin texture, diffuse non-scarring alopecia.
150
What renal findings are associated with Behçet syndrome?
Glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis.
151
What skin findings are associated with Granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
Palpable purpura, friable gingiva, ulcers, papulonecrotic lesions.
152
What are the cutaneous findings in patients with Amyloidosis?
Purpura, periorbital ecchymosis, subcutaneous nodules or waxy plaques.
153
What are the cutaneous findings in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis?
Associated with alopecia areata, connective tissue disease flares, and dermatitis herpetiformis.
154
What renal findings are associated with Tuberous sclerosis?
Renal angiomyolipoma, polycystic kidney disease, renal cell carcinoma.
155
What are the cutaneous findings in patients with Graft-versus-host disease?
Acute morbilliform exanthem.
156
What are the renal findings associated with Sarcoidosis?
Renal insufficiency, nephritis, nephrolithiasis, granulomas.
157
What thyroid disorder is associated with hyperthyroidism?
Toxic multinodular goiter.
