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gr. 9 > Geography chapter 4 Test > Flashcards

Geography chapter 4 Test Flashcards

1
Q

what are natural resources

A

things are found in total stock that people find useful

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2
Q

what is total stock?

A

all parts of the natural environment including energy, living organisms, and non-living materials

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3
Q

what are the four types of resources?

A

renewable resources, non-renewable resources, flow resources, other resources

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4
Q

difference between renewable and non renewable resources

A

renewable: -replenished my nature
non-renewable: -created by nature
-long time to create
-important categories fossil fuels (living) and minerals (non living)

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5
Q

strip mining

A

removal of surface layers to mine coal.

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6
Q

flow resources are… (2 + ex)

A

-constantly being produced by nature
-supply can not be damaged from human interference
-ex. sunlight, wind and water currents

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7
Q

other resources are…

A

-resources that do not fit into one of the other categories
-ex. tourism brings businesses to Canada (ex. Niagara falls)

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8
Q

how we use resources is a direct result on how we think about them. rethinking needs to happen among three groups:

A

individuals, companies, governments

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9
Q

rethinking by companies - by law, people who run companies have two responsibilities, which are…

A
  1. legal responsibility - maximize financial returns to their owners
  2. must obey the laws of the country and province in which they operate
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10
Q

what is the difference between carrot and stick in waste disposal?

A

carrot: reward. providing opportunities and incentives, such as tax rebates. ex. grant

stick: punishment. many don’t cooperate with recycling, so governments use laws for free changes.

ex. only one house can put 1 or 2 bags of garbage. if you want/need more you need to pay additional

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11
Q

what is the difference between carrot and stick in fuel economy?

A

carrot - publishing fuel consumption encourages automakers and consumers to go towards vehicles that minimize fuel usage
stick - laws and standards being set for fuel usage has changed, carbon tax

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12
Q

what is the balanced approach?

A

-conservation
-using resources wisely
-balance jobs and resources

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13
Q

are electric cars solving or just exporting the problem?

A

-exporting because they both contribute to climate change and have pros and cons. (neither are perfectly eco friendly)
-electric: lithium & cobalt extraction
-gas: air pollution/ green house gas emissions, oil spills

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14
Q

resource

A

anything that can be used to produce goods and services, such as raw materials workers, money, and land

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15
Q

open pit mining

A

drilling a very large and deep whole into the ground to mine minerals.

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16
Q

flow resources

A

resources that are replaced by natural actions and must be used when and where they occur or be lost

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17
Q

conservation

A

the wise use of resources

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18
Q

mining the resource

A

exploiting any renewable resource in an unsustainable way

19
Q

sustainable yeild management

A

-managing a renewable resource to ensure amount harvested does not cause depletion.
-the harvest is equal to or less than amount replenished

20
Q

old-growth forest

A

a forest that has never been logged

21
Q

aquaculture

A

fish farming

22
Q

inshore fishery

A

commercial fishing carried out close to shore in small, independently owned boats

23
Q

offshore fishery

A

commercial fishing carried out farther from shore in larger company-owned boats.

24
Q

reserves

A

how much of a resource is thought to be in the ground, based on exploration to date

25
Q

production

A

how much of a resource is being taken from the ground each year

26
Q

oil sands/tar sands

A

deposits of sand containing a heavy form of crude oil called bitumen

27
Q

fracking

A

a variety of techniques used to break up shale layers below the surface to liberate natural gas or oil that has been trapped. injecting a mixture of water, sand and dozens of chemicals in the well usually breaks up the rock.

28
Q

ore

A

rock that contains valuable metallic minerals to make mining profitable

29
Q

mineral reserve

A

a mineral reserve that can be mined profitably

30
Q

globalization

A

something that is done global rather than local

31
Q

knowledge-based industries

A

-manufacturing based on a well educated work force
-quaternary industries

32
Q

free trade

A

international trade with tariffs or other barriers into trade

33
Q

tariff

A

tax applied to imported goods to protect domestic manufactures by making foreign goods more expensive

34
Q

basic job vs non basic

A

basic: job that brings money into economy from elsewhere ex. niagra falls
non-basic: job that circulates within an economy ex. hairdresser

35
Q

where are things made today?

A

things are made in developing countries due to cheaper labor…

36
Q

multiplier effect

A

increase in total wealth or income that occurs when new money is injected into an economy

37
Q

difference between metallic and non metallic minerals

A

metallic: -metals ex. gold
non metallic: non metal ex. salt sand diamond

38
Q

underground mining

A

using tunnels & shafts to extract oil and mineral ores.

39
Q

primary industry

A

getting - taking natural resources from the earth and turning them into unfinished products
ex. mining steel

40
Q

secondary industry

A

making - taking unfinished products and making them into finished products
ex. assembling steel and other products to make the car

41
Q

tertiary industry

A

providing - provides services to businesses and customers
ex. finance, fuel

42
Q

quaternary industry

A

knowledge - highly specialized knowledge based services.
ex. engineers that design cars

43
Q

pros and cons of free trade (3e)

A

pros: -good for companies
-labor is cheap
-companies maximize costs and make profits
-few factories around world

cons: -not good for canadian workers
-not good for towns located near factories
-local economies suffer

gr. 9 (36 decks)

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