Atoms, Elements and Compounds Flashcards
Atoms
Atoms are the smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist
Element
Elements are substances that are composed of a single type of atom.
Masses of subatomic particles
Protons have a relative mass of 1
Neutrons have a relative mass of 1
Electrons have a negligible relative mass of 1/1840, which is essentially zero.
Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms with the same proton number but different neutron numbers.
Compounds
They are substances which are formed when two or more elements chemically combine together
Mixtures
They are substances which are formed when two or more elements phisically combine together
Ionic bond
It is a bond between metals(cations) and non metals(anions). It is an intra-molecular force
Covalent bond
It is sharing electrons between non metals(anions) and non metals(anions). It is an inter-molecular force
Inter-molecular forces
Inter-molecular forces are weak forces that exist between one molecule to another. They have low volatility
Intra-molecular forces
Intra-molecular forces are strong forces that exists between atoms within the molecule. They have high volatility
Melting or boiling a substance breaks what type of force
Inter-molecular forces
Volatility
Melting or boiling point
Examples of macromolecules
Diamond, graphite and silicon(IV)oxide
Metallic bonding
Metallic bonding defined as the electrostatic forces of attraction between cations and their surrounding sea of electrons.
Properties of ionic bond
They are soluble in water
They conduct electricity in molten or aqueous state
They are solid at room temperature
They have high melting and boiling points
