Infection Intro COPY Flashcards

1
Q

What is an infection?

A

Invasion of hosts tissues by micro-organisms

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2
Q

How is disease caused

A

Microbial multiplication
Toxins
Host response (how we react symptoms)

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3
Q

What is microbiota

A

AKA commensals - normally carried by hosts and do not usually cause harm unless transferred to other sites

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4
Q

How do people get infections via intermediary/source

A

From physical contact (STI)
Airborne (chicken pox)
Vector (malaria)

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5
Q

How can we get infection from environment

A

Water, food, air, surfaces (surgical instruments)

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6
Q

Horizontal transmission

A

Contact (either direct or indirect or via vector)
Inhalation (droplets or aerosols)
Ingestion (faecal-oral)

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7
Q

Verticals transmission

A

From mother to child (before birth in uterus or after)

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8
Q

Virulence factors

A

Enhance survival in host and cause damage to host

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9
Q

Virulence factors examples

A

Exotoxins (cytolytic, AB toxins, superantigens, enzymes)

Endotoxins

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10
Q

How to microorganisms cause disease

A

Exposure, adherence, invasion, multiplication, dissemination

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11
Q

What determines body’s response to disease

A

Pathogen (virulence factors, inoculum size, anti microbial resistance)
Patient (site of infection and co morbidities)

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12
Q

How do we know if patients have an infection

A

History (symptoms - focal? Severity? Duration?)
Examination
Investigations (specific or supportive)

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13
Q

Supportive investigations examples

A

Full blood count (neutrophils and leukocytes)
CRP (c reactive protein to show inflammation response)
Kidney function test
Imaging
Histopathology
GIVE NO IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIE CAUSING DISEASE

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14
Q

Bacteriology

A

Specimen (swab/fluid/tissue)
MCS:
Microscopy (bacteria or cerebrospinal fluid)
Culture (using agar and sheep blood)
Antibiotic susceptibility (see which kills bacteria)
Antigen detection
Nucleic acid detection

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15
Q

Virology

A
ELISA TEST:
Antigen detection (the virus)
Antibody detection (the patients response)
Not elisa:
Detecting nucleic acid (DNA/RNA)
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