Measuring Health status of a Community Flashcards

1
Q

What is health?

A

a state of complete physical, mental and social well being not merely the absence of disease infirmity

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2
Q

What is public health interested in?

A
  1. Quantifying the occurrence of disease (or any other health-related event) in populations.
  2. Describing distribution of disease (or any other health-related event) in a population.
  3. Describing determinants
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3
Q

What are the population characteristics that affect health?

A
  1. demographic
  2. socioeconomic
  3. lifestyle/behavioural
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4
Q

Examples of demographic population characteristics that affect health?

A
  1. Age
  2. Gender
  3. Religion
  4. Ethnic group
  5. Household size
  6. Number of living children
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5
Q

Examples of socioeconomic characteristics that affect health?

A
  1. Marital status
  2. Residence
  3. Education attainment
  4. Wealth
  5. Employment status
  6. School attendance
  7. Access to services, facilities etc
    - Drinking water
    - Sanitation
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6
Q

Examples of the lifestyle/behavioural characteristics that affect health?

A

Use of recreational substances: tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption

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7
Q

What are the aims of the population health assessment?

A
  1. Goal setting
  2. Needs assessment
  3. Planning: Improve resource allocation
  4. Support policy reviews
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8
Q

Purpose of assessing population health status?

A
  1. Needs assessment
  2. Support policy making
  3. Support planning and implementation
  4. Support evaluation
  5. Identify research needs
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9
Q

What are the aspects of health that need to be assessed?

A
  1. Determinants of health
  2. Health status
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10
Q

What are vital statistics?

A

quantitative data concerning the population such as the number of births, marriages and deaths

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11
Q

Examples of vital statistics?

A
  1. birth
    e.g. birth rates, total fertility rates
  2. Death
    e.g. infant mortality rate, under-five mortality rate, crude death rates, age-specific death rates
  3. medical data
    e.g. HIV prevalence
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12
Q

What information is required to measure health status?

A
  1. Demographic
  2. Socioeconomic
  3. Vital statistics
  4. Morbidity & mortality
  5. Health services and healthcare providers
  6. Environmental health
  7. Geographical information
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13
Q

What are the sources of data?

A
  1. Observation
  2. resource persons
  3. clinic data
  4. reports e.g. census, surveys, special registers
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14
Q

What is the rationale for measuring health and disease of a population?

A
  1. Identify & prioritize health problems for action
  2. Data collection for planning, management and evaluation of healthcare & disease programs
  3. Surveillance of endemic illness & early detection of epidemics
  4. Identifying determinants of disease for preventive action
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15
Q

What are the ways of assessing health status (measurements)?

A
  1. Functional measures/ perception
  2. Disease-specific measures/problem verification
  3. Utility measures/priority setting
  4. Global measures/problem analysis
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16
Q

What are the ways of assessing unmet needs?

A
  1. Professional/consensus-based standards
  2. service demands
  3. service utilization
  4. perceptions
  5. relative availability