tuberculosis

Question 1

tuberculosis

Answer 1

reportable, communicable, inflammatory, destructive disease
spread from person to person via inhalation of infected droplet nuclei
most common site: pulmonary

Question 2

TB risk factors

Answer 2

homelessness, malnutrition, overcrowded areas, healthcare workers, immune dysfunction, alcoholism, children under three, elderly, certain geographic areas, men double the rate of women

Question 3

causative TB organism

Answer 3

mycobacterium TB or tubercle bacilli
aerobic, acid fast, reproduced slowly in the body
destroyed by heat,sun, pasteurization

Question 4

TB spread routes

Answer 4

airborne (inhalation of infected droplet nuclei via coughing, sneezing, laughing)
requires close and prolonged contact

Question 5

TB sensitization

Answer 5

first time individual is infected= sensitivity reation occurs 2-10 weeks after primary infection
positive reaction to tuberculin skin tests

Question 6

TB infected individuals

Answer 6

residual remains dormant in lungs
asymptomatic
partial destruction of most organisms can occur
may reactivate later when resistance is decreased
can be triggered by mental and physical stress, oncology, inadequate drug treatment

Question 7

TB skin test

Answer 7

people with HIV may get a false negative, contraindicated in BCG vaccine recipients
reliable
appearance of a “wheal”
induration area read within 48-72 hours
10mm or more is a positive reaction

Question 8

TB converters

Answer 8

an individual who develops a positive skin test, negative test converted to positive reaction
at high risk for developing TB
placed on INH preventative therapy for 6-12 months

Question 9

Quantiferon-TB gold test

Answer 9

preferred to those who has BCG results read within 24-36 hours negative means they do not have latent or active TB

Question 10

TB sputum culture

Answer 10

confirms diagnosis
three specimens on consecutive days

Question 11

negative acid fast bacillus

Answer 11

if negative after they have been treated, this means they are no longer contagious
contagious until treated

Question 12

TB patient room

Answer 12

isolated, negative pressure room until negative sputum culture
must wear a mask for 3 weeks

Question 13

TB management

Answer 13

treatment for 6-12 months
primary resistance: one or more line of anti TB agents
secondary (acquired)= resistance to one or more anti TB agents and undergoing therapy

Question 14

first line TB drugs

Answer 14

INH and rifampin (combined antibiotics)
pyrazinamide (pza, active TB)
ethambutol (myambutol)