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10-11 > BIOELEMENTS > Flashcards

BIOELEMENTS Flashcards

1
Q

Elements that constitute more than 99% of the matter found in living things

A

Bioelements

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2
Q

Elements in biomolecules

A

Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Hydrogen

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3
Q

Essential element of any living matter. 0.09% of by mass of carbon

A

Carbon

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4
Q

Most abundant element in Earth’s crust. 46% by mass 23% by atmosphere

A

Oxygen

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5
Q

The most abundant element in Earth’s atmosphere. 78% by volume

A

Nitrogen

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6
Q

Simplest element known, one proton one electron. 10th most abundant element in Earth’s crust

A

Hydrogen

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7
Q

4 biomolecules

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipid and nucleic acid

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8
Q

Greek “Sakcharon” means

A

Sugar

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9
Q

Also called saccharides. Diverse group of biomolecules that contain carbon, nitrogen and oxygen

A

Carbohydrates

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10
Q

Two types of carbohydrates

A

Simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates

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11
Q

Called simple sugar, sugar found in fruits, vegetable and milk

A

Simple carbohydrates

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12
Q

Also called starches, examples are whole grain bread, cereal, starchy vegetable. Contains fiber that helps in digestive health

A

Complex carbohydrates

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13
Q

3 classification of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide

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14
Q

Are simple sugar. Derived for Greek single sugar. It is soluble in water

A

Monosaccharide

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15
Q

3 common monosaccharide

A

Galactose, fructose and glucose

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16
Q

Sugar found in milk and dairies

A

Galactose

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17
Q

Mostly found in vegetables and fruits

A

Fructose

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18
Q

Six carbon sugar carries in bloodstream. Also called blood sugar or dextrose

A

Glucose

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19
Q

It consists of two monosaccharide. Table sugar or sucrose

A

Diasscharides

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20
Q

Obtained from sugar cane and sugar beets

A

Sucrose

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21
Q

3 common diasscharides

A

Lactose, sucrose and maltose

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22
Q

Commonly know as milk sugar. Found in milk products

A

Lactose

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23
Q

Composed of glucose and fructose

A

Sucrose

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24
Q

Known as malt sugar, made up two glucose unit

A

Maltose

25
Q

Are complex carbohydrates made of chains of monosaccharide. May act as food in plants in form of starch

A

Polysaccharide

26
Q

Four common polysaccharide

A

Starch, glycogen, chitin and cellulose.

27
Q

Is a storage polysaccharide in plants. Glucose polymer made up of amylose and amylopectin

A

Startch

28
Q

Molecules chains are linear

A

Amylose

29
Q

Molecules are long and branched out

A

Amylopectin

30
Q

Stored reservoir of energy in animals

A

Glycogen

31
Q

Main component of fungi cell wall and exoskeleton.
Main component of beaks.
Useful in industrial and medical purposes

A

Chitin

32
Q

Found in all animal products and it is essential to life because it is found in every cell of the body

A

Proteins

33
Q

Prokios

A

Protein

34
Q

It is the building blocks of protein

A

Amino acid

35
Q

Building blocks are linked together by unique chemical bonds

A

Peptide bonds

36
Q

Determined by covalent peptide bond

A

Primary structure

37
Q

Determined by hydrogen bonds between backbone of the chain

A

Secondary structure

38
Q

Determined by all electrostatic interactions

A

Tertiary structure

39
Q

Determined by the subunits and different subunits

A

Quarternary structure

40
Q

Proteins are made of hundreds or thousands of small unit called

A

Amino acid

41
Q

How many amino acid

A

Twenty common amino acid

42
Q

Do not have 2p amino acid and have

A

Incomplete proteins, complete proteins

43
Q

Amino acid that cannot be produced by the body

A

Essential aminod acid

44
Q

Biological molecules that are insoluble in water, but soluble in nonpolar solvent

A

Lipds

45
Q

Waxy greasy and oily, known as fats and oil

A

Lipds

46
Q

Two classification into two classes of lipds

A

Saponifiable, non saponifiable

47
Q

Hydrolyzed bases such as fats, oil and waxes, fatty acid and alcohol

A

Saponifiable

48
Q

Phospholipids and sphingolipids

A

Complex saponifiable

49
Q

Cannot be broken down by basic hydrolysis

A

Non saponifiable

50
Q

Long chain carboxylic acid

A

Fatty acid

51
Q

Known as triglycerides

A

Fats and oil

52
Q

Are esters but they are harder and less greasy

A

Waxes

53
Q

Are important molecules that provide structure and protection to cells

A

Phospholipid

54
Q

A class of an organic compound characterized by a molecular structure of 17 carbon atoms. Are family of lipids. Important in field of biology

A

Steriods

55
Q

Most abundant steriod in the human body

A

Cholesterol

56
Q

Biomolecules present in all living cell. Blueprint of life

A

Nucleic acid

57
Q

Made of nitrogenous base, sugar and phosphate group

A

Nucleotide

58
Q

Most well known type of nucleic acid and carries the most genetic information

A

DNA

10-11 (18 decks)

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