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bacteriology > Gram- Positive Bacilli > Flashcards

Gram- Positive Bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

It is both a human and animal pathogen
It is aerobic or facultatively anaerobic and non-spore formin

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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2
Q

It is motile with pretrichous flagella and exhibits a characteristic ―tumbling motility

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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3
Q

It can grow in a high salt medium with up to 10% NaCl

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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4
Q

 It is recovered from the soil, dust, water, dairy products, and processed meats
 It causes miscarriage or stillbirth in humans

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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5
Q

Virulence factors of Listeria monocytogenes

A

Listeriolysin O, catalase, supeoxide dismutase, phospholipase C, and p60

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6
Q

Mode of acquisition of Listeria monocytogenes

A

Ingestion of contaminated food such as meat, chicken, dairy products, and
vegetables

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7
Q

Microscopy: Coccobacillary in form and are arranged singly or in short chains that resemble
streptococci

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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8
Q

Culture: BAP-colonies are small, smooth, transluscent, grayish blue, and are surrounded by a
narrow zone of Beta hemolysis

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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9
Q

It is a serious infection that affects neonates, pregnant women, and immunocompromised hosts
 Processed meat products should be thoroughly cooked or heated before consumption as a
primary preventive measure

A

Listeriosis

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10
Q

are the most important host defense against Listeriosis

A

Macrophages and T-lymphocytes

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11
Q

It usually occurs during the third trimester of pregnancy
 It leads to miscarriage or stillbirth
 Signs and symptom: Flu-like illness, fever, headache, and myalgia

A

Maternal disease (Pregnancy)

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12
Q

It is associated with an intrauterine infection due to the aspiration of infected amniotic
fluid
 The infected infants are at full term and appear healthy at birth
 It leads to meningitis that is usually seen by the third week of life

A

Neonatal disease

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13
Q

It develops though the ingestion of contaminated dairy products and processed meat
products

A

. Disease of immunocompromised host

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14
Q

SIM test: Has an ―”umbrella-shaped” or inverted Christmas tree‖ pattern at room
temperature at 25C but not at 35C

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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15
Q

Biochemical test for Listeria monocytogenes

A

(+) Glucose fermentation
(+) Catalase and motility
(+) CAMP reaction-―block type‖ hemolysis
(+) Hippurate and bile esculin hydrolysis
(+) growth in 6.5% NaCl
(+) Voges-Proskauer and Methyl red tests
(-) H2S production, nitrate reduction, and urease

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16
Q

Gram positive bacilli, the only catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that
produces hydrogen sulfide.

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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17
Q

It is isolated from wild and domestic animals like birds and fish

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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18
Q

Major: reservoir of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

Domestic swine

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19
Q

Gelatin stab culture: Has a pattern of a ―”pipe cleaner” or a ―”test tube brush” at 22C

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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20
Q

Mode of transmission: Direct contact with infected excreta, blood, and flesh of animals through
skin breaks

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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21
Q

Predisposed individuals: Veterinarians and fish handlers

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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22
Q

Culture: BAP- Colonies are pinpoint with alpha-hemolytic zone

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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23
Q

Best specimens for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

Tissue biopsies or aspirates from skin lesion

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24
Q

the best site for collecting specimens of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

the outward margin of the lesion

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25
Q

a. Large and rough colonies-curled, slender, filamentous with a tendency to overdecolorize and become Gram-negative bacilli
 b. Small and smooth colonies-transparent, glistening, and slender rods

A

E.rhusio

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26
Q

Culture: BAP- Colonies are pinpoint with alpha-hemolytic zone
The organism can grow on BAP and CAP for up to seven days

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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27
Q

curled, slender, filamentous with a tendency to overdecolorize and become Gram-negative bacilli

A

Large and rough colonies

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28
Q

transparent, glistening, and slender rods

A

b. Small and smooth colonies-

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29
Q

(+) H2S production in a TSI medium
(+) Glucose and lactose fermentation
(-) Catalase, oxidase, esculin hydrolysis, nitrate reduction, VP, and urease

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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30
Q

The species of this genus are classified Gram-positive rods as pleomorphic, non-motile, rod-shaped,

A

Arcanobacterium

31
Q

Biochemical test: (-) catalase

A

Arcanobacterium

32
Q

is both lipase-and lecithinase-positive and has a positive reverse CAMP
reaction due to phospholipase D

A

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

33
Q

Significant species of Arconbacterium

A

A. haemolyticum, A. pyoges, and A. bernardiae

34
Q

Culture: BAP-Colonies have a narrow zone of Beta hemolysis; exhibit pitting of the agar with a
black opaque dot

A

Arcanobacterium

35
Q

 They can cause pharyngitis and endocarditis

A

arcanobacterium

36
Q

 Culture: BAP-Colonies have a narrow zone of Beta hemolysis; exhibit pitting of the agar with a
black opaque dot

A

Acranobacterium

37
Q

is both lipase-and lecithinase-positive and has a positive reverse CAMP
reaction due to phospholipase D

A

A. haemolyticum

38
Q

The members of this genus are obligately aerobic Gram-positive rods that are motile by
peritrichous flagella

A

Kurthia

39
Q

BAP-Colonies exhibit a large ―”medusa-head” appearance
Nutrient agar- Colonies exhibit a rhizoid growth

A

Kurthia

40
Q

Biochemical test: (+) Catalase; (-) gelatinase and oxidase

A

Kurthia

41
Q

The mebers of this large and diverse group are composed of Gram-positive bacilli

A

Aerobic Actinomycetes

42
Q

The members are classified as aerobes with a branching filamentous growth that extends along
the agar due to the substrate hyphae, and into the agar due to the aerial hyphae

A

Aerobic Actinomycetes

43
Q

Microscopy: Filamentous Gram-positive rods with a “beaded appearance”

A

Aerobic Actinomycetes

44
Q

 Culture: Cells elongate to form branching, filamentous forms while some organisms form
hyphae on the agar surface or into the agar.

A

Aerobic Actinomycetes

45
Q

Aerobic actinomycetes with a branching filamentous growth along the agar due to the?? and into the agar due to the?

A

Substrate hyphae; aerial hyphae

46
Q

o Wet mount/hanging drop method: Exhibits a “tumbling motility‖ at room temperature

A

L.mono

47
Q

SIM test: Has an ―umbrella-shaped‖ or inverted Christmas tree‖ pattern at room
temperature at 25C but not at 35C

A

L.mono

48
Q

o Growth occurs at a wide temperature range of 0.5C to 45C
o It requires a slightly increased amount of CO2

A

L.mono

49
Q

Their cell wall contains peptidoglycan, meso-diaminopimelic acid (DAP), and the sugars,
arabinose and galactose

A

Nocardia

50
Q

The species grow on media that are used to recover fungi

A

Nocardia

51
Q

Culture: Colonies exhibit wrinkled, chalk-like, and orange-tan pigmentation.

A

Nocardia

52
Q

o It is a chronic, localized, painless subcutaneous infection that is characterized by the
presence of sulfur granules in the affected tissue

A

Actinomycetoma (Actinomycotic mycetoma)

52
Q

Differential test: Resistant to lysozyme

A

Nocardia

53
Q

o It is a confluent bronchopneumonia where the sputum is thick and purulent, although the
encapsulation of the abscess is absent
o The affected tissues do not have sulfur granules

A
  1. Pulmonary disease
    Causative agent: N. cyriacigeorgica and N. farcinic
54
Q

what agar is used to observe the morphology of actinomyctes, and to differentiate
branching Nocardia species from non-branching Rhodococcus species

A

Tap water agar

55
Q

Incubation at ___ promotes the growth of Nocardia species

A

Incubation at 10% CO2

56
Q

It is non-motile and partially acid-fast, and is composed of mycolic acid with longer carbon
chains

A

Rhodococcus equi

57
Q

it can persist and replicate within macrophages

A

Rhodococcus equi

58
Q

Microscopy: Coccobacilli with a ―zigzag‖ pattern and a filamentous form
 Culture: BAP-Colonies exhibit a pale pink or yeloow color

A

Rhodococcus equi

58
Q

It can infect immunocompromised individuals (HIV patients) and cause slowly progressive,
granulomatous pneumonia

A

Rhodococcus equi

59
Q

The species of this genus vary from Gram-positive to Gram-variable rods

A

Gordonia

59
Q

Culture: Colonies are smooth and slimy with irregular edges; but may appear as dry or rough;
and exhibit the presence of mycelia

A

Gordonia

59
Q

Differential test: Susceptible to lysozyme

A

Rhodococcus equi

60
Q

The members are slightly acid-fast when the kinyoun method is used

A

Tsukamurella

61
Q

Culture: Colonies are circular with rhizoid edges; has no aerial hyphae; and exhibit white or
orange pigmentatio

A

Tsukamurella

62
Q

Culture: Colonies are dry to chalky and heaped; some colonies exhibit a grayish white color and
a ―musty basement odor‖

A

Streptomyces

63
Q

 The microscopic and colony morphology of the species of this genus is very similar to that of the
Nocardia species

A

Actinomadura

64
Q

 It causes fungal wound infection that is known as eumycetoma

A

Actinomadura

65
Q

The most common form of eumyctetoma is known as mycetoma pedis in which the infection is
localized on the patient‘s foot

A

Actinomadura

66
Q

Culture: Routine agar-Colonies exhibit a ―molar tooth‖ appearance

A

Actinomadura

67
Q

t is the etiologic agent of Whipple‘s disease that affects the gastrointestinal tract joints, and
muscles and is characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea

A

Tropheryma whipplei

68
Q

It is a gram-positive actinomycete and a facultative, intracellular pathogen

A

Tropheryma whipplei

68
Q

 It is isolated from human feces, saliva, and gastric secretions
 Diagnostic test: (+) periodic acid Schiff staining (PAS) macrophages

A

Tropheryma whipplei

bacteriology (17 decks)

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