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bacteriology > Gram-Negative Bacilli, Non-spore forming > Flashcards

Gram-Negative Bacilli, Non-spore forming Flashcards

1
Q

All members are non-encapsulated except for

A

Klebsiella and Enterobacter

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2
Q

Most of them are present in the intestinal tract as commensal microbiota except for

A

Plesiomonas, Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia

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3
Q

Some organisms like? may grow at 1C to 5C

A

Serratia and Yersinia

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4
Q

Biochemical test: (+) catalase; (-) oxidase except for

A

Plesiomonas shigellosis

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5
Q

They are not present as commensal microbiota of the human GIT

A

Overt/True Pathogens

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6
Q

They are acquired through ingestion of contaminated food or water

A

Overt/True Pathogens

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7
Q

Their presence in specimens is considered as very significant

A

e: E.coli, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, and Serratia
 2.

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8
Q

Example of Overt/True Pathogen

A

Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia pestis

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9
Q

They are part of the intestinal microbiota of both humans and animals
They generally do not initiate disease in healthy, uncompromised human host

A

Oppurtunistic Pathogens

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10
Q

They may produce serious extraintestinal infection outside their normal body sites
They produce significant virulent factors

A

Opportunistic pathogens

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11
Q

Examples of Oppurtunistic pathogens are

A

: E.coli, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, and Serratia

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12
Q

heat-stable; located in the cell wall; used for E.coli and Shigella serotyping

A

Somatic O antigen

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13
Q
  • heat-labile; found in the flagellum; used for Salmonella serotyping
A

Flagellar H antigen-

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14
Q

-heat-labile polysaccharide; found as K1 antigen of E.coli and Vi antigen of
S. entrica subsp. enterica serotype typh

A

Capsular K antigen

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15
Q

It may inhabit the female genital tract, although it is a microbiota of the large intestine

A

Escherichia coli

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16
Q

It is a primary indicator of fecal contamination in water purification
It is the leading cause of nosocomial urinary tract infection

A

Escherichia coli

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17
Q

It has both the sex pili and adhesive fimbrae

A

Escherichia coli

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18
Q

EMB-Colonies exhibit a greenish metallic sheen

A

Escherichia coli

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19
Q

IMViC- ++/–
TSIA reaction: A/A (acidic slant/acidic butt), (+) gas, (-) hydrogen sulfide or H2S

A

Escherichia coli

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20
Q

Pili that permit gastrointestinal colonization, Heat- Labile and Heat-stable enterotoxins that mediate secretion of water and electrolytles into the bowel lumen

A

Enterotoxigenic E.coli

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21
Q

Virulence factors uncertainm but organism invades enterocytes lining the large intestine in a manner nearly identical to shigella

A

Enteroinvasice E.coli

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22
Q

Bundle-forming pilus, intimin and other factors that mediate organism attachment to mucosal cells of the small bowel, resulting in changes in cell surface

A

Enteropathogenic E.coli

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23
Q

Toxin similar to Shiga toxin produced by Shighella dysenteriae. Most frequently associates with certain serotypes such as E.coli O157:H7

A

Enterohemorrhagic E.coli

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24
Q

Probably involves bindin by Pili, ST-like and hemolysin-like toxins, actual pathogenic mechanism is unkown

A

Enteroaggregative E.coli

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25
Q

It is formerly called E.coli atypical or enteric group II
It has been isolated from CSF, wounds, blood

A

Escherichia hermanii

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26
Q

Culture: Colonies have yellow pigmentation

A

Escherichia hermanii

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27
Q

The species of this genus are usually found in the GIT of humans and animals
Culture: MAC-Colonies exhibit pink color

A

Klebsiella

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28
Q

It is the causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia; afflicted patients cough up “currant
jelly-like” sputum

A

Klebsiella pneumonia subsp. Pneumonia (Friedlander‘s bacillus)

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29
Q

t is the frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infections among hospitalized patients and in
immunocompromised hosts such as newborns, elderly patients, and patients on respirators

A

Klebsiella pneumonia subsp. Pneumonia (Friedlander‘s bacillus)

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30
Q

Virulence factor: Polysaccharide capsule
Culture: MAC-colonies exhibit a pink color and are mucoid (LF)

A

Klebsiella pneumonia subsp. Pneumonia (Friedlander‘s bacillus)

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31
Q

Differential test for Klebsielle pneumoniae

A

String Test

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32
Q

Neufeld-Quellung test is for?

A

Presence of Capsule

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33
Q

IMViC reactions: –/++
It is the causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia; afflicted patients cough up ―currant
jelly-like‖ sputum

A

Klebsiella pneumonia subsp. Pneumonia (Friedlander‘s bacillus)

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34
Q

Enterobacter Lysine decarboxylase test: Positive except for?

A

Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter gergoviae

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35
Q

IMViC reaction: –/++
TSIA reaction: A/A. (+) gas, (-) H2S

A

Enterobacter

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36
Q

It is found in respiratory samples and is rarely isolated from blood cultures

A

Enterobacter gergoviae

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37
Q

 It has been isolated with osteomyelitis following traumatic wounds

A

Enterobacter cancerogenus (formerly E. taylorae)

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38
Q

It is formerely known as Enterobacter sakazakii

A

Cronobacter sakazakii

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39
Q

It is found as a contaminant of powdered infant formula

A

Cronobacter sakazakii

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40
Q

It is isolated from individuals with brain abscess, and respiratory and wound infcetions

A

Cronobacter sakazakii

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41
Q

Culture:
o MAC-Colonies exhibit a pink color
o BHIA-Colonies exhibit a yellow pigmentation
o IMViC reaction:–/++
o TSIA reaction: A/A, (+) gas, (-) H2S

A

Cronobacter sakazakii

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42
Q

It is formerly known as Enterobacter agglomerans

A
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43
Q

It causes nosocomial outbreaks of septicemia due to contamination of IV fluids

A

Pantoea agglomerans

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44
Q

It causes nosocomial outbreaks of septicemia due to contamination of IV fluids

A

Pantoea agglomerans

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45
Q

IMViC reaction: - v/+ v
 TSIA reaction: K/A, (-) gas, (-) H2S

A

Serratia

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46
Q

The species in this group are opportunistic pathogens that are usually associated with
nosocomial outbreaks
The species are resistant to a wide range of antibiotics

A

Serratia

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47
Q

Culture: MAC- Colonies are clear and colorless. Some strains may show a slow or late lactose
fermentation
Biochemical test: (+) DNAse, gelatinase, lipase, and ONPG

A

serratia

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48
Q

IMViC reaction: –/++
TSIA reaction: K/A, (+) gas, (-) H2S

A

Serratia

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49
Q

has a musty and pungent odor or a ―”rotten potato-like” odor

A

Serratia odorifera

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50
Q

ferments arabinose and exhibits growth in a culture medium with KCN

A

Serratia liquefaciens

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51
Q

It causes bacteremic outbreaks in nurseries, cardiac surgery units, and burn units
A few strains of this species are late lactose fermenters
Biochemical test: (+) urease, gelatinase and ONPG; (-) arabinose fermentation

A

Serratia marcescens

52
Q

The species of this genus are isolated from urine, wound, and ear infections

A

Proteus

53
Q

The species can infect the proximal kidney tubules and can cause acute glomerulonephritis,
particularly in patients with UTI in catheterixation

A

Proteus

54
Q

The species are rapid urease producers; the urease that they produce splits urea in urine,
raises urine pH, and encourages renal stone formation

A

Proteus

55
Q

Human pathogens of Proteus

A

P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris

56
Q

Common isolate of proteus

A

P. mirabilis

57
Q

Culture: MAC-Colonies are clear and colorless; exhibit a “swarming phenomenon”; and have a
“burnt-chocolate” or “burnt-gunpowder” odor

A

Proteus

58
Q

IMVic: -+/vv
K/A, (+) gas, (+) H2S

A

P. mirabilis

59
Q

IMVic:++/-v
K/A, (+/-) gas, (+) H2S

A

P. vulgaris

60
Q

Lysine iron agar reaction: R/A

A

Proteus

61
Q

The species of this genus are the cause of nosocomial outbreaks involving burn units
Culture: MAC-Colonies are clear and colorless

A

Providencia

62
Q

IMViC reactions: ++/-+
LIA reaction: R/A
TSIA reaction: k/A, (-) gas, (-) H2S

A

Providencia

63
Q

It is a pathogen of the urinary tract
It also causes diarrheal disease among travelers
It is mostly resistant to antimicrobial agents

A

Providencia rettgeri

64
Q

It is found in cosocomial outbreaks in burn units
It is also mostly resistant to antimicrobial agents

A

Providencia stuartii

65
Q

It is most commonly found in the feces of children with diarrhea

A

Providencia alcalifaciens

66
Q

The species of this genus have the same biochemical reaction as those of P. vulgaris, except
that the latter is citrate-negative

A

Morganella

67
Q

PAD test: Positive
IMViC reaction: ++/- -
LIA reaction: R/A
TSIA reaction: K/A, (+) gas, (-) H2S

A

Morganella

68
Q

The species of this genus produce colonies in MAC agar that are similar to those of E.coli and
have a biochemical resemblance to those of Salmonella

A

Citrobacter

69
Q

IMViC reaction:C. koseri

A

+ + - +

70
Q

IMViC reaction: C. freundii

A
      • +
71
Q

It can be isolated in diarrheal stool cutures

A

Citrobacter freundii

72
Q

It produces group 1 cephalosporinase

A

Citrobacter freundii

73
Q

It causes outbreaks of neonatal meningitis and brain abscess in nursery units

A

Citrobacter koseri (formerly C. diversus)

74
Q

The species of this genus are the most pathogenic enterobacteria that cause enteric fever and
acute gastroenteritis to humans

A

Salmonella

75
Q

They are not part of the large intestine microbiota
They inhabit the GIT of humans and animals

A

Salmonella

76
Q

Mode of acquisition: Ingestion of contaminated animal food products or improperly cooked
poultry, milk, eggs, and dairy; and direct human contact

A

Salmonella

77
Q

Virulence factors of Salmonella

A

: Fimbrae and enterotoxin

78
Q

Antigenic structure of Salmonella:
for serologic grouping

A

Somatic O and flagellar H

79
Q

Antigenic structure of Salmonella:
antiphagocytic

A

Vi antigen

80
Q

The main etiologic agent of enteric fever is

A

Salmonella serotype typhi

81
Q

The etiologic agents of paratyphoid fever are

A

Salmonella serotype Paratyphi A, B, and C, and
Salmonella serotype Choleraesuis

82
Q

Fever that is from Ricketssia, lice, mice, ticks, and flea

A

Typhus Fever

83
Q

Fever that is from Salmonella typhi, and food poisoning

A

Typhoid Fever

84
Q

 It is named after the town of Bongor in Chad, Africa where it was isolated from a host lizard in
1966

A

Salmonella bongori

85
Q

It can also be isolated from other cold-blooded animals aside from lizards

A

Salmonella bongori

86
Q

All species of Salmonella are motile except for

A

Salmonella serotype Pullorum and Salmonella serotype
Gallinarum

87
Q

All species of Salmonella produce gas except for

A

Salmonella serotype Gallinarum and Salmonella serotype
Typhi

88
Q

All species of Salmonella produce H2S except

A

Salmonella serotype Paratyphi A

89
Q

It is one of the most common forms of poisoning

A

Gastoenteritis

90
Q

Gastroenteritis is most commonly cause by what type of Salmonella?

A

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica

91
Q

Salmonella outbreak in the US in 2009 came from contaminated
peanut butter crackers

A

Salmonella serotype Typhimurium

92
Q

 Sources of infection: Poultry products, milk, and handling of pets

A

Gastroenteritis

93
Q

Infective dose of gastroenteritis

A

10^6 bacteria

94
Q

It is a febrile disease that develops from eating contaminated food prepared by infected
individuals or carriers

A

Enteric fever (Typhoid fever)

95
Q

Causative agent of Enteric Fever

A

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhi

96
Q

Causes of outbreaks: Improper sewage disposal, poor sanitation, and lack of clean water
source

A

Enteric fever (Typhoid fever)

97
Q

Symptoms:Malaise, anorexia, myalgia, and severe frontal headache

A

Enteric fever (Typhoid fever)

98
Q

 Complication: Necrosis in the gallbladder and Peyer‘s patches

A

Enteric fever (Typhoid fever)

99
Q

The hallmark of its infection is the appearance of “rose spots” during the second week of fever

A

Enteric fever (Typhoid fever)

100
Q

The site of long-term carriage of enteric fever

A

Gall Bladder

101
Q

It occurs with and withour extraintestinal infection that is caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella
species

A

Bacteremia

102
Q

It is characterized by prolonged fever and intermittent bacteremia.

A

Bacteremia

103
Q

causative agents of Bacterimia

A

Salmonella serotype typhimurium, salmonella serotype paratyphi and salmonella serotype choleraesius

104
Q

Specimens for Salmonella Identification:
First week of infection

A

Blood

105
Q

Specimens for Salmonella Identification:
Second to third week of infection

A

Stool

106
Q

Specimens for Salmonella Identification:
Third week of infection

A

Urine

107
Q

The species of this genus are closely related to those of Escherichia

A

Shigella

108
Q

These species are non-motile, intracellular pathogens that multiply within the cells of the
intestinal epithelium

A

Shigella

109
Q

Most of the species can cause bacillary dysentery

A

Shigella

110
Q

The most virulent specie of shigella is

A

Shigella dysenteriae

111
Q

Shigella specie that causes gay bowel syndrome

A

Shigella flexneri

112
Q

Antigenic structure of Shigella

A

Somatic O

113
Q

All species of shigella does not produce gas from glucose except for?

A

Shigelle flexneri

114
Q

All species are mannitol fermenters except for?

A

Shigella dysenteriae

115
Q

True or False: All species of Shigella does not decarboxylate lysine?

A

True

116
Q

All species of Shigella do not decarboxylate ornithine except for

A

Shigella sonnei

117
Q

It is a specie of shigella that is a late lactose fermenter and has positive reaction with ONPG test

A

Shigella sonnei

118
Q

It is the most virulent of the shigella specie and causes bacillary dysentery

A

Shigella dysenteriae

119
Q

Virulence factor of Shigella dysenteriae

A

Shiga toxin

120
Q

The infection from this shigella is self-limiting, and usually characterized by fever and watery
diarrheaig

A

Shigella sonnei

121
Q

Shigella that has one serotype as opposed to the other species, which have several serotypes

A

Shigella sonnei

122
Q

It is an infection that is most commonly caused by S. dysenteriae type I

A

Bacillary dysentery

123
Q

It is highly communicable because of the low infective dose that is required to produce the
disease

A

Bacillary dysentery

124
Q

s characterized by acute inflammatory colitis and bloody diarrhea

A

Bacillary dysentery

125
Q

In young children, rectal prolapse occurs due to the excessive straining

A

Bacillary dysentery

126
Q

Complications: Ileus, seizure, and hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

Bacillary dysentery

bacteriology (17 decks)

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