chapter 14 - rna and protein synthesis

Question 1

RNA

Answer 1

ribonucleic acid; single stranded nucleic acid with sugar ribose

Question 2

mRNA

Answer 2

messenger RNA; carries instructions for amino acid assembly, long strand

Question 3

rRNA

Answer 3

ribosomal RNA; combines with proteins to create ribosomes

Question 4

tRNA

Answer 4

transfer RNA; carries amino acids to the ribosomes

Question 5

RNA editing

Answer 5

introns are removed, exons are kept, cap and tail are added

Question 6

polypeptide chain

Answer 6

long chain of amino acids that makes a protein

Question 7

codon

Answer 7

group of 3 mRNA bases

Question 8

anticodon

Answer 8

on tRNA, complementary to codons, has matching base pairs

Question 9

translation

Answer 9

mRNA is converted to amino acids

Question 10

mutation

Answer 10

heritable change in genetic information

Question 11

point mutation

Answer 11

a few base pairs change; eg. frameshift (insertion or deletion), substitution

Question 12

mutagen

Answer 12

something that may cause a mutation

Question 13

polyploidy

Answer 13

having an extra set of chromosomes

Question 14

chromosomal mutation

Answer 14

entire chromosomes are mutated; eg. deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation