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Equine > Angular Limb Deformities > Flashcards

Angular Limb Deformities Flashcards

1
Q

angular limb deformities diagnosis

A

in foals - valgus deformity
static and dynamic evaluation
palpation
xray - DPa of carpus
toe in same direction as carpus (should be pointed in your direction)

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2
Q

perinatal deformities

A

cuboidal bone ossification
at ossification centres - distal radial, tibial epiphyis, carpal and tarsal bones, ulnar styloid process

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3
Q

incomplete ossification due to

A

shortened hestation
abnormal uterine position
placental insufficiency
metabolic diseases
colic
shock

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4
Q

grading of incomplete ossification
grade 1

A

some cuboidal bones of carpus and tarsus have no evidence of ossification

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5
Q

grading of incomplete ossification
grade 2

A

all cuboidal bones have some evidence of ossification

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6
Q

grading of incomplete ossification
grade 3

A

all cuboidal bones are ossified
small rounded edges present
joint spaces are wide
prox physis of McIII are closed

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7
Q

grading of incomplete ossification
grade 4

A

cuboidal bones are shapes

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8
Q

treatment of incomplete ossification

A

stall rest - try to avoid collapse
exercise on weakened partially ossified carpal/ tarsal bones
xray every 2 weeks
if limb isnt straight - splint and cast
controlled daily exercise 10-20mins

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9
Q

acquired limb deformities due to

A

disproportionate growth
too rapid growth
heavy birth weigth
exercise
physeal dyslplasis
trauma
dietary imbalance
genetic

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10
Q

treatment of acquired limb deformities

A

stall rest
controlled exercise
foot manipulatio

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11
Q

what acquired limb deformities is normal

A

carpal deviation up to 4degree angulation
foals have natural growth correction

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12
Q

growth speed

A

faster = more heavily loaded side (concave)
slower = less heavily loaded side (convex)

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13
Q

foot manipulation

A

balancing force on growth plate
more effective in fetlock than carpus

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14
Q

what does foot manipulation involve

A

controlled exercise and hoof trimming
repeat every 2-4weeks
foot extension shoes

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15
Q

valgus

A

outside hoof wall is lowered
carpus deformity
*extension placed on medial aspect of hoof

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16
Q

varus

A

pigeon toe in conformation
inside hoof wall lowered
*extension placed on lateral aspect of hoof
-more force on the lateral side

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17
Q

surgical techniques for acquired limb deformities

A

growth acceleration HCPTE
Growth retardation
combination - acceleration and retatrdation

18
Q

flexural limb deformities

A

when limb deviates from the normal vertical alignment in the sagittal plane

19
Q

categories of flexural limb deformities

A

flexor contracture - persistent hyperflexion
flexor laxity - tendon units not contracted

20
Q

cause of congenital flexural limb deformities

A

teratogenic agents
intrauterine positioning
genetic predisposition

21
Q

acquired flexural limb deformities

A

mismatch in bone/tendon/lig growth
contraction of musculotendinous unit
btw w4 and m4

22
Q

2 congenital flexural limb deformities

A

digital hyperextension deformities
ruptured common digital extensor tendon

23
Q

digital hyperextension deformities

A

usually corrects itself
if doesnt resolve - minimal trimming, splint,
dont use a cast

24
Q

ruptured common digital extensor tendon

A

swelling of tendon sheath
secondary
tendon defect palpable
knuckling at fetlock joint
treat with splint and sedation

25
Q

treatment of congenital flexural limb deformities

A

exercise
IV antibiotics and sedation to give more flexibility to flexor tendons
farriery
splint/cast
transection of flexor carpi ulnaria and ulnaris lateralis

26
Q

acquired flexural deformities

A

longitudinal growth of bone > tendon
1-4months = DIPJ or club foot
1-6months = PIP, MCP

27
Q

causes of acquired flexural deformities

A

excessive feeding
inherent potential for rapid growth
nutritional imbalances

28
Q

types of acquired flexural deformities

A

club foot
mcp/mtp region

29
Q

club foot

A

contractural deformity
DIPJ
dorsal hoof wall more vertical angle
heels dont touch ground

30
Q

MCP/MTP region

A

congenital or 10-18months
foot is normal but pastern assumes more upright position

31
Q

1st stage of club foot

A

dorsal hoof wall 60-90o
surgery possible

32
Q

2nd stage of club foot

A

dorsal hoof wall over 90o

33
Q

grade I of of MCP/MTP region

A

straight MCP/MTP

34
Q

grade II of of MCP/MTP region

A

angle around 180o

35
Q

grade III of of MCP/MTP region

A

angle > 180o

36
Q

non surgical treatment of acquired flexural deformities

A

balance nutrition
avoid overfeeding of foal
mineral balance - Ca/P
farriery
glue on rubber shoe

37
Q

club foot treatment

A

balance nutrition
nsaid
toe extension
exercise
desmotomy of DDFT acc lig

38
Q

desmotomy of acc lig of DDFT

A

5cm incision prox and middle third of McIII
separate subcut tissue and fascia
acc. lig sharply transected

*treatment for 1st stage club foot

39
Q

Tenotomy of DDFT

A

treatment for 2nd stage of flexural deformity
hoof ground angle >115degrees
midpastern - through dfts

40
Q

contractural defromites of metacarpophalangeal joint

A

as a yearling - rapid growth of radius
fetlock goes in dorsal direction
treatment - nutrition, nsaid, physio, desmotomy of sdt acc lig

41
Q

desmotomy of acc lig of SDFT

A

Equine (25 decks)

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