lecture 27 Flashcards
whats a follicle
a small spherical sac in the thyroid gland
what surrounds a follicle
follicular cells surround it, these are small cuboidal ependymal cells.
what happens in the follicular cells
the production of the thyroid hormone
where is the thyroglobulin protein made
in the follicle itself
thyroid hormone T3 and T4 travel in bloodstream bound to what
bound to the thyroglobulin
what allows the storage of the lipid soluble hormone thyroid hormone
the fact that it is stored in the follicle bound to thyroglobulin
what is basal metabolic rate
the bodys rate of energy expendature under basal conditions
what effects does thyroid hormone have on metabolism
Increases body heat production which increases oxygen consumption and ATP hydrolysis
stimulates the breakdown of fatty acids
increases proteolysis in muscle
Stimulates carbohydrate metabolism (usage of stored glucose),
enhances insulin-dependent entry of glucose into cells, increases gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
what makes up the adrenal glands
the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla
what are the three layers of the adrenal cortex and what do they secrete
outer layer secretes: aldosterone (sodium
homeostasis - covered in HUBS 192 renal lectures)
2. middle layer secretes: cortisol
3. inner layer secretes: androgens
what does the adrenal medulla secrete
mainly adrenaline, also noradrenaline. aka epinephrine
and norepinephrine)
what system can the adrenal medulla also be said to be apart of
the sympathetic nervous system
whats the overall effect of adrenaline release
Makes fuel (glucose & fatty acids) more readily available to cells.
what hormone type is adrenaline
water-soluble
what hormone type is PTH
peptide hormone
