Ch.27 Fluid,E-, & Acid-Base balance

Question 1

What is the most abundant ICF cation

Answer 1

K+

Question 2

What is the most abundant ICF anion

Answer 2

Proteins

Question 3

What is the most abundant ECF cation

Answer 3

Na+

Question 4

What is the most abundant ECF anion

Answer 4

Cl-

Question 5

What 2 pressures are the major forces of fluid movement in and out of the blood(HO)

Answer 5

Hydrostatic and osmotic pressure

Question 6

What is another name for solutes found in the ECF

Answer 6

Electrolytes

Question 7

What term represents below normal Na+ levels

Answer 7

hyponatremia

Question 8

What term represents abnormally high K+ levels in the ECF

Answer 8

Hyperkalemia

Question 9

What term represents overly high levels of Ca2+

Answer 9

Hypercalcemia

Question 10

When there is too much calcium in the ECF, what moves it to the bones to decrease these levels

Answer 10

Calcitonin

Question 11

When calcium levels in the ECF are low, what pulls calcium from bones and other organs to increase these levels

Answer 11

PTH

Question 12

T/F When you see high blood osmolality, you can assume that means that BV/BP are low with both resulting in an increase in ADH

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Causes of Hypocalcemia

Answer 13

Lack of Calcium food
Lack of Vitamin D
Staying indoors

Question 14

Conditions of regulation of Sodium Ion

Answer 14

• Hypernatremia: elevated plasma Na+
• Hyponatremia: decreased Na+

Question 15

T/F The inhibition of angiotensin II also inadvertently inhibits ADH and aldosterone

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What term represents below normal levels of magnesium

Answer 16

Hypomagnesemia

Question 17

T/F If magnesium levels are not properly corrected it could cause other ions to become unbalanced

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What term represents lower than normal levels of phosphate

Answer 18

hypophosphatemia

Question 19

What releases H+ ions into a solution

Answer 19

Acids

Question 20

What removes H+ from solutions or adds OH- to solutions

Answer 20

Base

Question 21

T/F The physiological pH range, in human terms, is slightly alkaline based on the pH scale

Answer 21

True

Question 22

When pH drops below the normal range you enter a state of what

Answer 22

Acidosis

Question 23

When pH exceeds the normal range you enter a state of what

Answer 23

Alkalosis

Question 24

Proteins and carbonic acid/bicarbonate drive what buffering system

Answer 24

chemical buffer system

Question 25

Which buffer system is the most important intracellularly and involves 2 organ systems

Answer 25

physiological buffer system

Question 26

Hypoventilation causes increased amounts of CO2 and H+ resulting in what

Answer 26

respiratory acidosis

Question 27

Hyperventilation causes CO2 to be lost at greater rates along with H+, what is the result of this

Answer 27

respiratory alkalosis

Question 28

When your kidneys secrete H+ and reabsorb HCO3- what do you get

Answer 28

metabolic alkalosis

Question 29

Acid/Base Determination (Primary…) If pH is lower than the lowest limit, your answer ends in __ If pH is higher than the top limit, your answer ends in __ If HCO3- is normal and PaCO2 is outside its range, the answer includes __ If HCO3- is outside its range and PaCO2 is normal, the answer includes __

Answer 29

acidosis, alkalosis, respiratory, metabolic

Question 30

Find the Acid/Base Disturbance pH=7.48 (7.35-7.45) PaCO2=40 mmHg (35-45) HCO3-=32 mEq/L (22-26)

Answer 30

primary metabolic alkalosis

Question 31

Find the Acid/Base Disturbance pH=7.30 (7.35-7.45) PaCO2=50 mmHg (35-45) HCO3-=24 mEq/L (22-26)

Answer 31

primary respiratory acidosis

Question 32

T/F An increase in CO2 in the respiratory system equals an increase in H+ and because H+ is an acid, you end up in an acidosis state

Answer 32

True

Question 33

An increase in the production of aldosterone increases sodium and water reabsorption, but it also increases the secretion of what 2 ions/cations when you have what

Answer 33

K+ and H+ when you have hyperkalemia