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Anatomy 151 > Ch. 28 Reproductive System > Flashcards

Ch. 28 Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Gonads

A

Sex organs
M: Testes
F: Ovaries

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2
Q

Gametes

A

Sex cells
M: Sperm cells
F: Eggs/oocyte

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3
Q

Somatic cells

A

Non-sex cells
Ex. Apotocyte, RBC, Skin cell

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4
Q

Cellular division used by somatic cells

A

Mitosis

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5
Q

Cell division used by sex cells/gametes

A

Meiosis

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6
Q

Process of sex cell production (produces sperm or oocyte)

A

Gametogenesis

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7
Q

Production of sperm cells

A

Spermatogenesis

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8
Q

Production of egg cells

A

Oogenesis

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9
Q

Start of her productive years

A

Menarche

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10
Q

What is the absence of periods called

A

Amenorrhea(bc of pregnancy)

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11
Q

Female reproductive years are coming to an end, ovaries are shutting down

A

Menopause

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12
Q

What is the process of ovaries releasing a mature oocyte halfway through the reproductive cycle

A

Ovulation

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13
Q

What is it called when the sperm cell and oocyte meet successfully in the fallopian tubes

A

Fertilization

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14
Q

Fertilized egg

A

Zygote

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15
Q

3 functions of vagina

A

-

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16
Q

Diff: Spermatogenesis does not start until puberty, then throughout lifetime

A

True

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17
Q

Diff: While in womb & birth, females will have all their eggs

A

True

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18
Q

Common cause of Amenorrhea

A

Pregnancy

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19
Q

What is the exocrine function of the reproductive system

A

Gametogenesis

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20
Q

What is the endocrine function of the reproductive system

A

Produce sex hormones

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21
Q

What hormone Produces milk

A

Prolactin

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22
Q

What hormone secretes milk

A

Oxytocin

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23
Q

How long is a term pregnancy (pre-term if ends before and post-term if ends after)

A

37 to 42 weeks

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24
Q

What phase is between the 2 rounds of meiosis

A

Interkinesis

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25
Q

After meiosis, the male has produced __ viable daughter cells

A

4

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26
Q

After meiosis, females have produced _ viable cells

A

1

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27
Q

What are the 3 unviable cells produced by females called

A

Polar bodies

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28
Q

What is the function of the dartos and cremaster muscles

A

regulate testicular temperature

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29
Q

What is the continuous tubule system in the testes called

A

Seminiferous tubule

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30
Q

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the fusion of which 2 ducts

A

vas deferens and seminal vesicle

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31
Q

On HOT day, where will Dartos & cremaster moves the tested?

A

Away from body

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32
Q

On COLD day, where will Dartos & cremaster moves the tested?

A

Toward body

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33
Q

Diff: penis contains 3 portions of urethra

A

True

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34
Q

How many chromosomes in Diploid?

A

46

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35
Q

How many chromosomes in Haploid?

A

23

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36
Q

What is the path of sperm travel in males beginning in the testes (St,Tr,Rt,Ed,E,Dd,Ejd,Pu,Mu,Pu)

A

seminiferous tubule, tubulus rectus, rete testis, efferent ductules, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, and penile urethra

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37
Q

What functions as a place for sperm to acquire motility

A

Epididymis

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38
Q

What functions as the carrier of sperm from the epididymis to the pelVic cavity

A

Vas deferens

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39
Q

What functions as the primary producer of material found in seminal fluid (semen)

A

Seminal vesicle

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40
Q

What nutrient in seminal fluid powers the sperm to move

A

Fructose

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41
Q

What functions as the producer and secretor of slightly alkaline fluid so sperm doesn’t get killed by residual urine

A

bulbourethral (cowper’s) gland

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42
Q

Where does sperm cell maturation occur

A

Epididymis

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43
Q

Location of Ejaculatory duct⭐️

A

Prostate gland

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44
Q

Location of bulbourethral gland

A

Root of penis

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45
Q

Location of Prostatic urethra

A

Prostate gland

46
Q

Function of testes(Endo & Exo)

A

Endo: produce testosterone
Exo: Spermatogenesis

47
Q

In males, which cells are responsible for testosterone production⭐️

A

interstitial cells of Leydig

48
Q

What is the “guide wire” that begins the descent of the testes

A

gubernaculum

49
Q

What term represents the failure of one or both testes dropping into the scrotum

A

cryptorchidism

50
Q

What does the gubernaculum eventually turn into

A

Scrotal ligament

51
Q

What cells aid in Spermatogenesis and form the blood-testis barrier

A

sertoli (nurse or sustentacular) cells

52
Q

In sperm, the __ contains mitochondria, the __ contains DNA and the nucleus, and the __ is used for mobility

A

midpiece, head, flagellum

53
Q

What process is flagellum acquired through

A

Spermiogenesis

54
Q

What 5 things are included in the spermatic cord (Dd,Ta,Pp,Tn,Lv)

A

ductus deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus (veins), testicular nerve, and lymphatic vessels

55
Q

What 3 things are contained within or formed from corpus spongiosum

A

spongy urethra, bulb of the penis, and glans penis

56
Q

What makes up the root of the penis

A

2 crura (corpora cavernosa) and 1 bulb (corpus spongiosum)

57
Q

T/F Leutinizing hormone is going to stimulate Leydig cells

A

True

58
Q

In males, the Parasympathetic NS is working when __ occurs, and the Sympathetic NS and Somatic NS are working when __ occurs

A

Erection, Ejaculation

59
Q

What is the term for doing a clinical perineum incision during labor

A

episiotomy

60
Q

Where can you find the most common site of fertilization in the fallopian tubes⭐️

A

Ampulla

61
Q

What is the normal position for the uterus to be in

A

Anteverted

62
Q

If the oocyte is fertilized, where in the uterus will it be implanted

A

Endometrium

63
Q

Which pouch is located between the rectum and uterus

A

rectouterine pouch (pouch of douglas)

64
Q

Which pouch is found between the urinary bladder and uterus

A

vesicouterine pouch

65
Q

Which layer of the endometrium is shed during menses⭐️

A

Functional layer

66
Q

What is the path of the oocyte from the ovary to the uterus (F,I,A,I,U)

A

fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterus

67
Q

A pregnancy occurring outside the uterus is called what

A

ectopic pregnancy

68
Q

Which ligament drapes over the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

A

broad ligament

69
Q

Which ligament is found in between the superior aspect of the uterus and labia majora

A

Round ligament

70
Q

Which ligament is found in between the inferior aspect of the uterus and the sacrum

A

Uterosacral ligament

71
Q

Which ligament is found in between the ovary and uterus

A

Ovarian ligament

72
Q

Which ligament is found in between the ovary and pelvic wall

A

Suspensory ligament

73
Q

Which section of the broad ligament covers the ovaries⭐️

A

Mesovarium

74
Q

Which section of the broad ligament covers the fallopian tubes⭐️

A

mesosalpinx

75
Q

Which cells produce estrogen

A

Theca interna cells

76
Q

Right before birth for females, their meiosis division pauses in what phase

A

Prophase 1

77
Q

Right before ovulation, meiosis division stops once again in what phase

A

Metaphase II

78
Q

If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum stays functional so it can provide __ during the first trimester of pregnancy

A

progesterone

79
Q

What provides progesterone for the second and third trimesters of pregnancy⭐️

A

Placenta

80
Q

For the ovarian cycle, the __ phase happens before ovulation and forms the mature follicle, while the __ phase happens after ovulation and forms the corpus luteum

A

Follicular, luteal

81
Q

Which phase of the uterine cycle regenerates the functional layer of the endometrium

A

proliferative phase (second)

82
Q

Which phase of the uterine cycle gets rid of the products from the last cycle

A

Menses(first)

83
Q

Which phase of the uterine cycle Secretes products to make the endometrium suitable for embedding an egg if it becomes fertilized

A

secretory phase (third)

84
Q

If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates into what

A

Corpus albicans

85
Q

What is another name for corpus luteum

A

Yellow body

86
Q

What is another name for corpus albicans

A

White body

87
Q

What hormone surge happens around the time of ovulation

A

LH surge

88
Q

Females are born with their life supply of oocytes that are called what

A

primordial follicles

89
Q

T/F During ovulation, the oocyte of the Graafian follicle is expelled, leaving the follicle behind to become the corpus luteum

A

True

90
Q

What are the homologous structures in M/F that have erectile tissue

A

Penis and Clitoris

91
Q

What are the homologous structures in M/F that are discolored

A

Scrotum and Labia majora

92
Q

What homologous structure in M/F shares the same name

A

Prepuce

93
Q

T/F: Erection is under the influence of the parasympathetic nervous system.

A

True

94
Q

This is a homologue structure to the scrotum

A

Labia majora

95
Q

This holds the uteRus in an anteverted position

A

Round ligament of uterus

96
Q

This portion of the uterus shed and passes as menses

A

Endometrium

97
Q

This is the main sourCe of progesterone in the first trimester of pregnancy

A

Corpus luteum

98
Q

These are finger-liked structures of the oviduct

A

Fimbrae

99
Q

First half and second half of ovarian cycle

A

First- Follicular phase
Second- Luteal phase

100
Q

In the uterine cycle, days 5-14 is considered this.

A

Proliferative phase

101
Q

T/F: The passage of menses from days 1-5 is menses from this current cycle.

A

False

102
Q

This space is located in between the urinary bladder and the uterus

A

Vesicouterine pouch

103
Q

What is the Renal Blood Flow Rate with a Cardiac output of 4000mL and a Renal Fraction of 20%?(multiply)

A

800 mL

104
Q

Largest contributor to Seminal fluid

A

Seminal vesicles

105
Q

3 ligaments of ovary (OSM)

A

• Ovarian ligament: found in between
the ovary and the uterus.
• Suspensory ligament: found in between the ovary and the pelvic wall
• Mesovarium: the broad ligament
portion of the ovary.

106
Q

Portions of Fallopian tube(FIAI)

A

• Fimbriae: long thin finger-liked processes that extend over the ovary.
• Infundibulum: distal portion of the fallopian tube from the uterus.
• Ampulla: widest portion and the most common site of fertilization.
• Isthmus: portion closest to the uterus

107
Q

At lunchtime, man goes in for procedure to severe ductus deferon, what is the procedure?

A

Vesectomy

108
Q

3 portions of uterus

A

Fundus(dome shape)
Body
Cervix

109
Q

What occurs in uterine tube?

A

Fertilization

110
Q

Used to detect cervical cancer

A

PAP smear

111
Q

Shape of Uterus

A

Hollow-muscular organ

Anatomy 151 (12 decks)

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