module 4 - 10.2 the 5 kingdoms Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 5 kingdoms?

A
  • prokaryotae (bacteria)
  • protoctista (unicellular)
  • fungi
  • plantae (plants)
  • animaliae (animals)
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2
Q

what are prokaryotae?

A
  • typically unicellular
  • lacks nuclear membrane-bound nucleus
  • no membrane bound organelles
  • asexual - reproduce by binary fission (not mitosis - nuclear division)
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3
Q

what are protoctista?

A
  • any eukaryotic organism that isnt animal, plant or fungus
  • likely share common ancestors
  • unicellular and have a nucleus
  • have membrane bound organelles
  • nutrients obtained by photosynthesis as autotrophs
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4
Q

what are autotrophs?

A

self-feeders

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5
Q

what are fungi?

A
  • uni/multicellular
  • have nucleus and membrane bound organelles
  • cell wall made of chitin
  • no chloroplasts or chlorophyll
  • sessile (cant move)
  • have body called mycelium made from hyphae
  • nutrients acquired by absorbtion - saprophytic
  • have glycogen reserves
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6
Q

what are plantae/plants?

A
  • usually multicellular
  • have nucleus + membrane bound organelles
  • cellulose cell wall
  • contain chlorophyll
  • most are sessile, some motile using cilia/flagella
  • nutrients acquired by photosynthesis - autotrophic
  • have starch reserves
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7
Q

how are organisms classified?

A
  • base sequence in rRNA
  • size of ribosomes
  • cell membrane lipid stucture
  • sensitivity to antibiotics
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8
Q

what are the components of bacteria?

A
  • 70S ribosomes
  • RNA polymerase has 5 subunits
  • sometimes called true bacteria
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9
Q

what are the components of archaea?

A
  • 70S ribosomes but closer to eukaryotic ribosomes in base sequence
  • RNA polymerase varies between 8-10 subunits
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10
Q

what are the components of eukarya?

A
  • 80S ribosomes
  • RNA polymerase has 12 subunits
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