module 4 - 10.2 the 5 kingdoms Flashcards
1
Q
what are the 5 kingdoms?
A
- prokaryotae (bacteria)
- protoctista (unicellular)
- fungi
- plantae (plants)
- animaliae (animals)
2
Q
what are prokaryotae?
A
- typically unicellular
- lacks nuclear membrane-bound nucleus
- no membrane bound organelles
- asexual - reproduce by binary fission (not mitosis - nuclear division)
3
Q
what are protoctista?
A
- any eukaryotic organism that isnt animal, plant or fungus
- likely share common ancestors
- unicellular and have a nucleus
- have membrane bound organelles
- nutrients obtained by photosynthesis as autotrophs
4
Q
what are autotrophs?
A
self-feeders
5
Q
what are fungi?
A
- uni/multicellular
- have nucleus and membrane bound organelles
- cell wall made of chitin
- no chloroplasts or chlorophyll
- sessile (cant move)
- have body called mycelium made from hyphae
- nutrients acquired by absorbtion - saprophytic
- have glycogen reserves
6
Q
what are plantae/plants?
A
- usually multicellular
- have nucleus + membrane bound organelles
- cellulose cell wall
- contain chlorophyll
- most are sessile, some motile using cilia/flagella
- nutrients acquired by photosynthesis - autotrophic
- have starch reserves
7
Q
how are organisms classified?
A
- base sequence in rRNA
- size of ribosomes
- cell membrane lipid stucture
- sensitivity to antibiotics
8
Q
what are the components of bacteria?
A
- 70S ribosomes
- RNA polymerase has 5 subunits
- sometimes called true bacteria
9
Q
what are the components of archaea?
A
- 70S ribosomes but closer to eukaryotic ribosomes in base sequence
- RNA polymerase varies between 8-10 subunits
10
Q
what are the components of eukarya?
A
- 80S ribosomes
- RNA polymerase has 12 subunits