May 18th Exam 📚

Question 1

Moral Relativism

Answer 1

affirms that all moral rules and values depend on the situation

Question 2

Maxims (2)

Answer 2

Kant’s idea of rules to guide moral action that are dependent on the individual and situation

Only those that have been correctly elaborated and have the proper form are morally acceptable

Question 3

Minimums

Answer 3

a basic universal moral code that we could all share

Question 4

Ataraxia (2)

Answer 4

• a Greek word that means “imperturbability” from Epicurean ethics
• it refers to achieving true happiness though a state of calm characterized by the absence of disturbance

Question 5

Deontologism

Answer 5

an ethical theory based on the fulfillment of our duty as humans by always obeying our moral principles

Question 6

Deon

Answer 6

Greek word meaning “duty” and relates to our ethical duty to obey moral principles

Question 7

Formal Ethics (Kant 2)

Answer 7

Kant didn’t believe any ethical law could ever be truly universal, so it was up to the individual to decide what to do

Kant’s Formal Ethics have no concrete commands or prohibitions, as he wants us to use our freedom and autonomy to decide what to do

Question 8

Hedoné

Answer 8

Greek term for “pleasure”, often used in Epicurean ethics relating to the supreme goal of human lives to achieve pleasure

Question 9

Temperament (2)

Answer 9

• the genetic part of your personality
• includes the inclinations and tendencies you’ve had since birth and inherited from your parents

Question 10

Character

Answer 10

• acquired part of your personality
• it depends on our actions and habits, and is therefore subject to change

Question 11

Morals

Answer 11

based on feelings and our “interior voice” about what is good vs. bad

Question 12

Ethics and Morals

Answer 12

guide human action though moral values and laws to give people a good life
(not found in any other species)

Question 13

Actions of Duty (Kant)

Answer 13

actions in which the only motivation that drives us is to fulfill our moral obligation as humans, even if it does not make us happy

Question 14

Ethics

Answer 14

a part of philosophy that asks questions about morality

Question 15

Moral Universalism (2)

Answer 15

philosophical current that defends the existence of certain universal moral standards that are valid for all people, in all times and all places in the world (ex. incest and murder are bad)

Question 16

Virtue

Answer 16

a positive quality related to moral goodness

Question 17

Important Part of our Moral Actions (Kant)

Answer 17

what is important is NOT the consequences of what we do, but the intention we have when we act

Question 18

Kant’s Philosophy

Answer 18

deontological and transcendental idealism

Question 19

Moral de Señores/Morality of the Lords (5)

Answer 19

• Nietzsche’s theory of the ideal man of the future who gives himself values/morality
• far superior to all other human beings psychologically
• independent individual
• anti religious, makes his own rules

Question 20

Moral Emotivism

Answer 20

the idea that moral judgments are based on feelings

Question 21

Moral Intellectualism

Answer 21

the idea that moral judgments are based on reason

Question 22

Ethos

Answer 22

based on individual morals and our own character

Question 23

Value

Answer 23

an intangible qualities of a human being, appearing in personality and actions