Urinary shit Flashcards
1
Q
etiology of bacterial utocystitis
A
- bacteria in feces, on skin: e coli most common, proteus, strep, enterobacter, pseudomonas, klebsiella
- urinary specific pathogens: eubacterium (actinobaculum) suis, corynebacterium renale
2
Q
factors predisposing to infection (8)
A
- urinary tract outflow obstruction
- incomplete voiding of urine
- abnormal urine
- hyperestrogenism
- urolithiasis
- prostatits
- iatrogenic (catheter)
3
Q
gross examination of bacterial urocystitis
A
- mucosa is hyperemic, edematous, eroded, hemorrhagic
- emphysema
- chronic: ulceration, hyperplasia, fibrosis
4
Q
histopath of bacterial urocystitis
A
- acute: neutrophils
- chronic: lymphocytes and plasma cells, granulation tissue
5
Q
2 major routes of infection in pyelonephritis
A
- ascending infection (most common): infection of lower urinary tract –> vesicoureteral reflex –> gets to kidneys
- hematogenous (uncommon): if kidney is already injured, can be colonized by bacteria in blood
6
Q
acute pyelonephritis
A
- renal pelvis dilated and filled with pus
- renal crest/papillae diffusely or segmentally reddened/pale –> necrosis
- exudate with neutrophils, necrotic debris, bacteria
- surrounding interstitium has exudate, edema
7
Q
chronic pyelonephritis
A
- renal pelvis dilated
- renal crest/papillae deformed
- frank pus no longer a feature
- kidney is asymmetric from scarring, fibrosis
- interstitium has plasma cells, lymphocytes
8
Q
(tubulo-)interstitial nephritis
A
- inflammation of the renal tubules and interstitium
- can be from bacterial or viral septicemias –> kidney infected first, then inflammatory response in interstitium
- neutrophils –> toxicoses or acute infection
9
Q
embolic nephritis
A
- hematogenous spread of infection
- pigs: erysipelothrix rhusiopathie
- horses: actinobacillus equuli
10
Q
parasites of urinary tract (5)
A
- dioctophyma renale (giant kidney worm, fish host)
- capillaria renale/feliscati (renal pelvis, ureter, bladder in dogs/cats)
- toxicara canis (kidney of dogs)
- stephanuus dentatus (kidney worm of pigs)
- klossiella equi (sporozoan parasite in horse)
11
Q
canine herpesvirus
A
- young puppies (intrauterine, neonatal infection)
- leads to acute tubular necrosis with hemorrhage
- viral inclusion bodies
12
Q
pulpy kidney disease
A
- clostridium perfringens type D episilon toxin
- soft, swollen, pale kidneys in lambs
- selective degeneration/necrosis, interstitial edema, hemorrhage
- predisposing factor is excessive starch in small intestine
13
Q
types of uroliths (5)
A
- struvite
- calcium oxalate
- urate
- cystine
- silica
14
Q
struvites
A
- magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP)
- most common
- bacterial urocystitis caused by urease-producing staph, proteus, eubacterium suis
- tx = calculolytic diet to reduce urine pH and reduce dietary magnesium
15
Q
calcium oxalate
A
- dogs, sheep, cats
- hypercalciuria
- sx removal
