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GCSE Chemistry Aqa > Paper 1: Chemical changes > Flashcards

Paper 1: Chemical changes Flashcards

1
Q

What is oxidation?

A

Gain of oxygen
Loss of electrons

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2
Q

What is reduction?

A

Loss of Oxygen
Gain of electrons

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3
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

A reaction where a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive one

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4
Q

How are unreactive metals found in earth?

A

In their natural state

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5
Q

How can metals less reactive than carbon be extracted?

A

Reduction with carbon ( carbon displaces the metal in a metal oxide )

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6
Q

How are metals more reactive than carbon extracted?

A

Electrolysis

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7
Q

general equation for a reaction between a metal and a acid?

A

Metal + acid—> salt +hydrogen

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8
Q

Which metals in the reactivity scale will react with acid

A

Those above hydrogen

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9
Q

Equation for a neutralisation reaction?

A

Base + acid—> salt +water

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10
Q

Equation between a metal carbonate and an an acid?

A

Metal carbonate + acid—>
salt + water + carbon dioxide

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11
Q

general equation for metal oxides and acids

A

Metal oxide + water –>
salt + water

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12
Q

what is a redox reaction?

A

A reaction where both reduction and oxidation occur

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13
Q

How is a soluble salt formed?

A

-Reacts with excess acid and some insoluble chemical
-Filter the leftovers
-Crystallise the product

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14
Q

What do acids produce in aqueous solutions?

A

H-
(hydrogen ions)

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15
Q

What do alkali’s produce in aqueous solutions?

A

OH-
(hydroxide ions)

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16
Q

What are bases?

A

Any substances that reacts with acid to form a salt

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17
Q

What are acids

A

A substance that produces hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions

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18
Q

What are alkalis?

A

Soluble bases
Produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

19
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

Completely ionised in aqueous solutions

20
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

Partially ionised in aqueous solutions

21
Q

What is a concentrated solution?

A

How much acid their is in a certain volume ofwater

22
Q

As pH is decreased by one unit what change is seen in the hydrogen ion concentration

A

increase by a factor of 10

23
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

Splitting up a compound using electricity

24
Q

What is an electrolyte

A

The solution which conducts electricity

25
Q

What is a cathode?

A

The negative electode

26
Q

What is an anode

A

The positive electrode

27
Q

What occurs at the cathode

A

Reduction

28
Q

What occurs at the anode

A

Oxidation

29
Q

In an aqueous electrolysis which element is discharged at the cathode?

A

The less reactive element

30
Q

In an aqueous electrolysis hydroxide is produced at the anode unless what

A

Oxygen is produced at the anode unless the solution contains halide ions in wich case halogen molecules are produced

31
Q

What happens when pottasium reacts with water?

A

Ignites quickly

32
Q

What happens when sodium reacts with water?

A

Fizzes and melts to form ball

33
Q

What is the salt of hydrochloric acid

A

Chloride

34
Q

What is the salt of nitric acid

A

Nitrate

35
Q

What is the salt of sulfuric acid?

A

Sulfate

36
Q

Phrase to remember reactivity scale

A

Pumpkin Spice Lattes Contain Many Calories Zoe Is Currently Hiding

37
Q

Reactivity series

A

Pottasium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Copper
Zinc
Iron
Hydrogen

38
Q

Reduction ionic equation
(Use reduction of hydrogen)

A

2H+ + 2e- —-> H2

39
Q

RP:
How would you set up a general electrolysis experiment?

A

-Place positive and negative electrodes in a beaker containing a molten or dissolved ionic compound
-connect both electrodes to a power supply and wires

40
Q

RP:
What forms at the cathode in electrolysis

A

Metals or hydrogen

41
Q

RP:
What forms at the anode in electrolysis

A

Non-metals

42
Q

RP:
What should you observe at each electrode when copper chloride solution is electrolysed

A

Anode: bubbles of gas (chlorine)

Cathode: Electrode coated in a brown solid (copper)

43
Q

Why must the anode be regularly replaced?

A

Anode is made of carbon and will react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide which slowly burns it away

44
Q

In electrolysis of NaCl hydrogen is produced at the cathode, why is sodium not produced

A

Hydrogen is produced because sodium is more reactive than hydrogen
Sodium remains in the solution

GCSE Chemistry Aqa (10 decks)

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