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Geo > Human - Economic Activity and energy > Flashcards

Human - Economic Activity and energy Flashcards

1
Q

Indicators of the size of a sector [2]

A
  • Contribution to DGP
  • Percentage of population employed
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2
Q

Economic development def

A

Looks at the total value of goods and services provided/income of a country

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3
Q

________________ are an indicator of a country’s economic development

A

Economic Sectors

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4
Q

Pre industrial period [2]

A
  • Primary sectors dominate
  • Mainly agriculture
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5
Q

Industrial period [2]

A
  • Increase in secondary sector
  • Primary sector continues to decrease
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6
Q

Post industrial period [3]

A
  • Tertiary sector increases
  • Quaternary sector emerges
  • Primary and secondary sectors decrease
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7
Q

Causes of changes in sectors over time [5]

A
  • Increasing mechanisation in agriculture, reduces jobs
  • Population move to urban areas to find secondary and tertiary jobs
  • More disposable income
  • Growth in tertiary sector
  • Growth of Quaternary sector to stay ahead of the pack
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8
Q

Physical factors affecting the location of economic sectors [4]

A
  • Raw materials
  • Land
  • Energy
  • Climate
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9
Q

Human factors affecting the location of economic sectors [5]

A
  • Capital
  • Transport and communications
  • Market
  • Labour
  • Government policy
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10
Q

Primary sector def

A
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11
Q

Secondary sector def

A
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12
Q

Tertiary sector def

A
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13
Q

Quaternary sector def

A
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14
Q

Examples of primary sector

A

Agriculture, Mining, Forestry, Fishing

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15
Q

Factors influencing location of primary sector [6]

A
  • Climate
  • Land
  • Market
  • Government policies
  • Labour
  • Transport
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16
Q

Secondary sector examples

A

Car manufacturing, Food processing’s Ship building

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17
Q

Factors influencing location of secondary sector [7]

A
  • Raw materials
  • Land
  • Market
  • Govt policies
  • Energy
  • Labour
  • Transport
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18
Q

Tertiary Sector examples

A

Healthcare, Retail

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19
Q

Factors influencing location of tertiary sector [5]

A
  • Land
  • Market
  • Energy
  • Labour
  • Tranport
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20
Q

Quaternary sector examples

A

Research and development

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21
Q

Factors influencing location of quaternary sector [4]

A
  • Land
  • Energy
  • Labour
  • Transport
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22
Q

Factors causing changes in the location of the primary sector over time[3]

A
  • Drought, soil erosion, natural processes which may result in decreased growth of crop and livestock
  • Availability of raw materials
  • Climate change
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23
Q

Factors causing changes in the location of the secondary sector over time [7]

A
  • Transport
  • Increase in transnational companies
  • Power source
  • Internet
  • government policies
  • Cheaper labour
  • Raw materials
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24
Q

Why does decentralisation of the Quaternary and Tertiary sector occur [5]

A
  • Open space
  • Land is cheaper
  • More accessible
  • Located near commuter villages
  • Increase in Science parks, Business parks, Retail parks where similar businesses are located together
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25
Q

Case study: Sectoral shift in the UK [4]

A
  • Post industrial country
  • First to experience industrial revolution
  • Industrial revolution 1900 P>S
  • S>T 1950
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26
Q

Positive impacts of sectoral shift in the UK [3]

A
  • Deindustrialisation has led to improvements int he environment, less pollution
  • UK has developed expertise in secondary and tertiary economic activities which are in demand around the world
  • London in the second most important financial hub
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27
Q

Negative impacts of sectoral shift in the UK [3]

A
  • Deindustrialisation led to high numbers of job losses
  • Unemployment especially high in city centres eg Liverpool and Leeds
  • Increasing number of TNCs have moved offices to other countries
28
Q

Case study: Sectoral shift in China [4]

A
  • Industrial stage of the clark fisher model
  • 1905: 80% Primary
  • 2005: 50% Secondary and tertiary
  • 2020: Mostly tertiary
29
Q

Positive impacts of sectoral shift in china [4]

A
  • Improved incomes and higher standard of living
  • More investment in education and healthcare
  • Increased investment by TNCs
  • Investment in infrastructure
30
Q

Negative impacts of sectoral shift in China [4]

A
  • Increasing development gap between areas
  • Increasing economic gap between rich and poor
  • Pollution
  • Increased fossil fuel use
31
Q

Case study: Sectoral shift in Kenya [3]

A
  • Pre-industrial stage of the clark Fischer model
  • Over 50% employed in agriculture
  • Very little secondary or tertiary economy
32
Q

Informal Employment def

A

Employment which is unregulated and unofficial

33
Q

Examples of jobs in the informal economy

A
  • Shoe scrubbing
  • Rubbish collecting
  • Street vendors
  • Para transit, eg rickshaws
34
Q

Causes of informal employment [5]

A
  • Avoid Taxes
  • High levels of rural urban migration
  • Lack of qualifications or education
  • People need flexible working hours
  • Low wages mean people need additional jobs
35
Q

Impacts of working in the informal economy on people [4]

A
  • No health benefits
  • Often exposed to health and safety risks
  • Have no contracts or guaranteed pay
  • No holiday or sick pay
36
Q

Case study, informal employment in Dhaka

A
37
Q

Underpopulation def

A

Population is too small to develop the resources effectively

38
Q

Overpopulation def

A

Too many people or too few resources to ensure a high standard of living

39
Q

Population pressure def

A

Occurs when the population is greater than the carrying capacity

40
Q

Malthus population theory [6]

A
  • Population growth is increasing faster than food supply
  • Not enough resources to sustain
  • Catastrophe, war, disease, famine
  • positive checks that increase death rate
  • Preventative checks decrease birth rate
  • Limiting factors maintain a balance
41
Q

Boserup population theory [2]

A
  • Population growth will stimulate developments in technology to increase food development
  • More efficient ways to use resources
42
Q

How is energy demand increasing [5]

A
  • Higher demand for food
  • Increasing industry
  • More tranport
  • Urbanisation, more domestic appliances
  • Increased wealth, people buy more technology
43
Q

Energy gap

A

When a country can not meet its energy requirements using its own resources

44
Q

to be energy secure, a country needs an: [3]

A
  • Uninterrupted supply of energy
  • Affordable supply
  • Accessable supply
45
Q

Why does the UK have a widening energy gap [2]

A
  • Renewable energy is not as efficient and so cannot fully replace energy from fossil fuels
  • It is cheaper to import fossil fuels than it is to exploit the resources in the UK
46
Q

Energy security can also be affected by [4]

A
  • Energy sources running out
  • War/Conflict
  • Natural hazards
  • Political disputes
47
Q

Examples of non renewable energy sources [4]

A
  • Gas
  • Oil
  • Coal
  • Nuclear
48
Q

A/D of Gas [3+3]

A
49
Q

A/D of Oil [3+3]

A
50
Q

A/D of Coil [3+3]

A
51
Q

A/D of Nuclear [3+3]

A
52
Q

A/D of Hydroelectric [3+3]

A
53
Q

A/D of Wave/Tidal [3+3]

A
54
Q

A/D of Wind [3+3]

A
55
Q

A/D of Solar [3+3]

A
56
Q

A/D of Geothermal [3+3]

A
57
Q

A/D of Biomass [3+3]

A
58
Q

Examples of renewable Energy

A
  • Hydroelectric
  • Wave/tidal
  • Wind
  • Solar
  • Geothermal
  • Biomass/Waste
59
Q

Renewable energy def

A

Energy sources which are infinite and will not run out

60
Q

Non-renewable energy def

A

Energy sources which are finite and will eventually run out

61
Q

Non-renewable energy def

A

Energy sources which are finite and will eventually run out

62
Q

Ways in which individuals can contribute to energy sustainability

A
  • Reduce car use, public transport
  • Insulating walls
  • Buy energy efficient appliances
  • Don’t leave items on standby
  • Install double glazing
  • Install solar panels
63
Q

National strategies to contribute to energy sustainability [5]

A
  • Invest in renewable energy
  • Encourage the switch to electric cars
  • Invest in public transport
  • Provide loans for solar panel installation
  • Building regulations for energy efficiency
64
Q

Energy management case study: Nepal

A
65
Q

Energy management case study: Norway

A

Geo (8 decks)

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