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Geo > Human - Development and human welfare > Flashcards

Human - Development and human welfare Flashcards

1
Q

Development def

A

The progress that a country makes which improves the lives of the population and makes the country more independent

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2
Q

Factors which slow or reverse development [4]

A
  • War/conflict
  • Disease
  • Disasters
  • Economic recession
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3
Q

Strands of development [6]

A
  • Economic
  • Demographic
  • Social
  • Cultural
  • Political
  • Environmental
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4
Q

Factors affecting development [3]

A
  • Resources
  • Internal Boosters
  • External boosters
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5
Q

Cycle of wealth

A
  • Govt collects more taxes
  • More disponible income
  • Increases business profits
  • Taxes collected invested into development
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6
Q

Categories of quality of life [4]

A
  • Physical: Housing, Environment, Diet
  • Social: Family and friends, leisure, welfare, education
  • Economic: Standard of living, income
  • Psychological: Happiness, health, security, satisfaction
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7
Q

Factors which lead to the development gap

A
  • Food and water security
  • Economic
  • Government
  • Social
  • Technological
  • Cultural
  • Resources
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8
Q

Development gap def

A

The difference in levels of development between the lease and most developed countries in the world

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9
Q

GDP

A

Gross Domestic Product
The total value of goods and serviced produced within a country in a year

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10
Q

HDI

A

Human development index
Combined measure of average achievement in key areas of human development, health, education and standard of living

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11
Q

Factors counted in HDI [4]

A
  • Life expectancy at birth
  • Mean years of schooling for adults age 25 years
  • Expected years of schooling for children at school entering age
  • GNI per capita
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12
Q

Inequality def

A

Gap between the wealthy and the poorest in the population of a country

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13
Q

Gini coefficient [3]

A

0-1.0
Lower value better
Measure of inequality

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14
Q

Impact of political corruption [2]

A
  • Money is often not invested in infrastructure, development and human welfare
  • Leads to lack of trust between leaders and population
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15
Q

Historical factors which lead to poor development [2]

A
  • Colonialism
  • Neocolonialism
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16
Q

Social factors which lead to poor development [2]

A
  • Education
  • Investment
17
Q

Political and economic factors which lead to poor development [4]

A
  • Political corruption
  • War and conflict
  • Investment
  • Debt
18
Q

Cycle of growing inequality within a country [3]

A
  • growth in the core region attracts skilled labour
  • Areas in the periphery suffer due to lack of investment
  • Gap grows
19
Q

Causes of regional inequalities [5]
REEEL

A
  • Residence
  • Ethnicity
  • Employment
  • Education
  • Land ownership
20
Q

Example of impacts of uneven development: China

A
21
Q

Demographic transition model stages

A
22
Q

Reasons for a decrease in birth rate [4]

A
  • Increased availability of contraception and education
  • Infant mortality decreases, people know that children will survive
  • More education and employment opportunities for women
  • Changing cultural expectations
23
Q

Reasons for dropping death rate [2]

A
  • Improvements in healthcare and medicine
  • Improvement in diet and availability of food
24
Q

IGOs

A
  • UN Committees
  • World bank
  • International monetary fund
25
Q

Tade to reduce inequality

A
26
Q

Disadvantages of international aid [4]

A
  • Doesn’t always reach intended people
  • Countries may become dependent on it
  • Can be used to apply political or economic pressure
  • Can result in food and water costing more
27
Q

Aid agreements to reduce inequality

A
28
Q

Debt relief

A

Reduces payment owed by countries so money can be used on development

29
Q

Impacts of Fair trade [2]

A
  • Promotes economic development
  • investment in development
30
Q

Why is trade not always fair

A
  • Developing countries are often paid less and exploited
  • Developing countries are often disadvantaged by trade barriers
  • Trade agreements often favour developed countries
31
Q

Case study: HS2

A
  • Reduce inequality in increase growth
  • Leeds to Birmingham, to London
  • Stage 2 (Leeds) abandones
32
Q

Arguments in favour of HS2

A
33
Q

Arguments against HS2

A
34
Q

Case study: Peru

A

Geo (8 decks)

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