6c Monoclonal antibodies (triple only) Flashcards

1
Q

Antbodies are produced by ….

A

Lymphocyltes

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2
Q

How many different tyoes of antibodies can be made by each lymphocyte?

A

One

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3
Q

Name the molecule shown in the diagram

A

Antibody

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4
Q

What does an antidoy bind on to?

A

Antigen

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5
Q

The antigen binding site are very specific.

What does this mean?

A

The antibody binding sites are a particular shape.

They will bind to an antigen with a complementary shape.

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6
Q

To amke a monoclonal antibody a mouse is first injected with the …….

A

Antigen

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7
Q

What is extracted from the mouse a few days after injecting hte antigen?

A

Lymphocyltes from the spleen

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8
Q

Whzt is a myelomma cell and why is it used in the

production of monoclonal antiboeis

A

Tumour cell

Undergoes uncontrolled cell division

Can be cloned easily

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9
Q

What is a hydridoma?

A

The cell produced when a myeloma cell is fused with a lymphocyte

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10
Q

Describe how a monoclonal antibody is made.

A

Antigen injected into a mouse

Lymphocyltes remoeved from the mouse

Lymphocytes fused with a myelomma cell

Produces a hybiridoma cell

Select and isolate the hybridoma cell that prodces the required antibody

Clone the hybridoma to produce losts of identical hydridoma cells

Collect and purify the anitbodies produced

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11
Q

Give a use of monoclonal antiboides

A

Diagnosis eg pregnancy tests

In labs to meausre levels of hormones or other blood chemicals

Detect pathogens

In research to locae or identify speicific moleucles in a cell or tissue by binding them to a fluorescent dye

Treat diseases eg cancer

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12
Q

Give a disadvangate of using monoclonal antibodies

in the treatment of disease

A

Create more side effects than expected

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13
Q

How can a monoclonal antibody be used to kill cancer cells?

A

Add a toxic chemical /drugo r radioactive substance to monoclonal antibodies

Monoclonal antibody binds to the cnacer cells with the complementary shaped anttigen

Dru/chemcial/radioactivity stops the cell from growing and dividing

Does not harm other cells

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