B14e Trophic levels (triple only) Flashcards

1
Q

What are trophic levels?

A

Stages in a food chain

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2
Q

Describe the organisms present in trophic level 1?

A

Plants and algae

Make their own food through photosynthesis -

Called producers

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3
Q

Describe the organisms in trophic level 2?

A

Herbivores

Eat producers

Called primary consumers

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4
Q

Describe the organisms in trophic level 3?

A

Carnivores

Eat herbivores

Called secondary consumers

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5
Q

Describe the organisms in trophic level 4?

A

Carnivores

Eat other carnivores

Called tertiary consumers

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6
Q

What is an apex predator?

A

A carnivore with no predators

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7
Q

How do decomposers breakdown dead material?

A

Decomposers release enzyme which catalyse the breakdown of dead material into smaller molecules.

Soluble small food molecules than diffuse into the microorganism

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8
Q

What is biomass?

A

Dry mass of all of the living organisms in an area

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9
Q

Why is dry mass used the mearsure biomass?

A

Wet mass varies as the volume of water in organisms varies

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10
Q

How is the efficiency of biomass transfer calculated?

A

Efficiency =
(energy transferred/total energy available) x 100

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11
Q

What percentage of the energy from light do producers transfer?

A

1%

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12
Q

What percentage of the biomass from one trophic level is transferred

to the next trophic level?

A

Approximately 10%

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13
Q

Why is biomass transfer not 100% efficient?

A

Energy is lost through:
Faeces - not all material is absorbed
Respiration - large amounts of glucose used and carbon dioxide and water lost in respiration
Excretion eg urine
Production of inedible bones and shells

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14
Q

How does the efficiency of biomass transfer

affect the number of trophic levels in a biomass pyramid?

A

Less efficient transfers results in fewer trophic levels

and fewer organisms in higher trophic levels.

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15
Q

What is a pyramid of biomass?

A

A pyramid that show the total dry mass of organisms at each trophic level
Trophic level 1 is always at the bottom

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16
Q

What is a pyramid of numbers?

A

A pyramid that shows the number of organisms at each trophic level

17
Q

The pyramid of numbers is not pyramid shaped.

Expalin why

A

There is only one tree

There are are large numbers of caterpillars

The tree is huge compared to the caterpillars

Tree can provide sufficeint resources for large numbers of caterpillars.

18
Q

The diagram shows the biomass of each trophic level.

What shape is the pyramid of biomass for this food chain?

A
19
Q

Which diagram correclty shows the pyramid of biomass?

A

B

Pyramids of biomass always narrow.

20
Q

Name the organism at trophic level 2 for this pyramid of biomass

A

Grasshoppers

21
Q

Name the organism at trophic level 4 for this pyramid of biomass

A

Sanke