The Innate Immune System

Question 1

What is the innate immune system?

Answer 1

Immune defenses that are there BEFORE an infection and will respond quickly and in the same way

Question 2

Which innate immune cells are located in the blood and which are located in the cells (tissue sentinel cells)

Answer 2

neutrophils and monocytes are in the blood. macrophages, dendritic cells and mast cells are tissue sentinel cells.

Question 3

What are the adhesion molecules on the neutrophil/endothelium cells that slow down the neutrophils after cytokines are released and bind to receptors?

Answer 3

E-Selectin Adhesion molecule (on endothelium cells) and select in-Ligand (on neutrophil). This has low affinity so it will just slow it down, but doesn’t make the neutrophil stuck

Question 4

What is the high adhesion molecules on the neutrophil/endothelium that cause the neutrophil to stop and crawl out of the blood into the tissue?

Answer 4

I Cam-1 (on endothelium cells) and LFA-1 (on neutrophils)

Question 5

Explain the immune process (in general) when a microbe breaks through the epithelium barrier?

Answer 5

Tissue sentinel cells will have a receptor that recognizes and injests the microbe and then releases cytokines. These cytokines bind to receptors of the endothelium. Causes E-selectin and select-in ligand adhesion molecules to interact and slow the neutrophils down. The I cam-1 and LFA-1 interact with high affinity and stop the neutrophils so it can crawl out of the blood into the tisue. The neutrophils eat the microbes and then die. The monocytes leave the blood (turn into macrophages) and then eat the dead neutrophils and microbes.

Question 6

What is the cytokine released from tissue sentinel cells that cause an immune response?

Answer 6

TNF alpha

Question 7

What clinical problem is due to too much TNF alpha cytokine being released and how to treat it?

Answer 7

Psoriasis and can take TNF alpha blockers (which then would stop the release of neutrophils out of the blood.

Question 8

What are the pro-inflammatory cells and what the are the cells that create the actual inflammation/pus?

Answer 8

pro-inflammatory= macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells. inflammation/pus=neutrophils and monocytes.

Question 9

True or False: Genes in the innate cell receptors are identifical while the adaptive cell receptors are not identical

Answer 9

true

Question 10

True or False: Inherited antibody genes do not contribute to antibody diversity

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What are the immune mechanisms utilitized by almost all cells except blood lineages

Answer 11

antiviral state and MCH-1

Question 12

What is the job of cytoxic T cells (2)

Answer 12

direct kiling of infected self cells and activate neutrophils/phagocytosis

Question 13

What is not created when you lack a thymus?

Answer 13

T cells and therefore will affect B cell number