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histopathology lecture > Special Stains > Flashcards

Special Stains Flashcards

1
Q

Special stains for glycogen

A

Periodic Acid Schiff

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2
Q

Special stain for Glycogen, Mast Cell Granules, Fibrin And Mucin

A

Best Carmine Method

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3
Q

Special Stain for Glycogen, and amyloid

A

Langhan’s Iodine Method

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4
Q

Special stain for glycosaminoglycans

A

Metachromatic Staining- Azure A
Metachromatic Toluidine Blue

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5
Q

Special stain for acid mucin

A

Colloidal (Dialyzed) Iron Technique

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6
Q

Special stain for Acid Mucopolysaccharide

A

Alcian Blue Technique

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7
Q

Special stain for differentiate Acid Mucin from Neutral Mucin

A

Combined Alcian Blue-pas-hematoxylin Technique

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8
Q

Special stain: Encapsulated fungi: C. Neoformans

A

Southgate’s Mucicarmine Technique

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9
Q

Sulfated Mucins

A

Gomori’s Aldehyde Fuchsin

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10
Q

Carbohydrate: Mucin

A

Mucicarmine Stain

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11
Q

Carbohydrate: Acid Mucin And Mucopolysaccharide

A

Fluorescent Acridine Orange Technique

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12
Q

used for the demonstration of glycogen specially when it uses the Diastase Method; may also stain
Mucoproteins, Mucin, Carbohydrates, Glycoproteins, Glycolipids, Unsaturated Lipids and Phospholipids. (+Red)

A

Periodic Acid Schiff

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13
Q

has a good affinity to glycogen (bright red) due to alkaline carminic acid ; weakly stains mast cell granules, fibrin and mucin

A

Best Carmine method

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14
Q

obsolete stain, not specific for glycogen, rapid but tends to fade after a few months

A

Langhan’s Iodine Method

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15
Q

gives a red-purple stain

A

Metachromatic Staining- Azure A metachromatic techniques and Metachromatic Toluidine blue

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16
Q

most popular method for acid mucin (+Blue)

A

Alcian Blue Technique

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17
Q

Neutral mucins are stained by PAS while acid mucin are stained by Alcian blue

A

Combined Alcian Blue-PAS-Hematoxylin technique

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18
Q

demonstrates sulfated mucins, staining it purple

A

Gomori’s Aldehyde Fuchsin

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19
Q

demonstrates mucin by adding aluminum hydroxide to carmine. (+) red

A

Mucicarmine stain

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20
Q

absorbed onto tissue containing acid mucin at low ph, and visualized by it’s conversion to
ferric cyanide.

A

Colloidal (Dialyzed) Iron technique

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21
Q

gives selective brilliant orange fluorescence. It is temporary and lasts for 2 hours once it is
mounted

A

Fluorescent Acridine Orange technique

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22
Q

STAINING OF PROTEINS: Basic proteins : Protamines & Histones

A

Alkaline Fast Green

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23
Q

Proteins: Cystine and Cysteine

A

Peracetic Acid-Alcian Blue

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24
Q

Proteins: Sakaguchi’s Test

A

Arginine

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25
Q

STAINING OF FATS OR LIPIDS: most sensitive

A

Sudan black

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26
Q

STAINING OF FATS OR LIPIDS: Triglycerides

A

Sudan IV (Scharlach R)

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27
Q

STAINING OF FATS OR LIPIDS: Triglycerides

A

Sudan IV (Scharlach R)

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28
Q

STAINING OF FATS OR LIPIDS: Fats

A

Oil Red O

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29
Q

STAINING OF FATS OR LIPIDS :
Neutral Fats
Cholestrin Esters
Cholestrin Fatty Acids
Cerebrosides
Fatty Acids
Soap

A

Nile Blue Stain

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30
Q

STAINING OF FATS OR LIPIDS : Unsaturated Fats

A

Osmic Acid Stain

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31
Q

STAINING OF FATS OR LIPIDS : Sulfatide deposits

A

Toluidine Blue
Acetone Method

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32
Q

STAINING OF FATS OR LIPIDS : Gangliosides

A

Borohydride Periodic Schiff

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33
Q

STAINING OF FATS OR LIPIDS : Cholesterol

A

Perchloric acid-napthoquinone

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34
Q

Intensified and preserved w/ addition of Benzoic Acid

A

Sudan IV

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35
Q

Unstable oxide used as fixative for EM and Histochemistry

A

Osmic Acid

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36
Q

Differentiates lipid by its oxazone; Red(Neutral Lipids), Blue (Basic Lipids)

A

Nile Blue Sulfate:

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37
Q

aka Bodian and Lake

A

Toluidine Blue

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38
Q

STAINING OF ENZYME: Alkaline Phosphatase Activity

A

Gomori - Calcium Method

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39
Q

STAINING OF ENZYME: Acid Phosphatase

A

Gomori - Lead method

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40
Q

STAINING OF ENZYME : Lead Method for 5-nucleotidase

A

Wachstein & Meissel

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41
Q

STAINING OF ENZYME: Nonspecific esterase

A

Alpha napthyl acetate method
Indoxyl Acetate Method

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42
Q

Staining of enzyme: Monoamine Oxidase

A

Tetrazolium Method

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43
Q

Staining of enzyme: Monoamine Oxidase

A

Tetrazolium Method

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44
Q

Staining of enzyme: (+) brownish- black

A

Gomori Calcium

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45
Q

Staining of enzyme: (+) black precipitate.

A

Gomori Lead

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46
Q

Staining of enzyme: (+) blackish-brown deposit. For unfixed free floating cryostat sections. Prefixed sections are not preferred due to loss
of enzyme activity

A

Wachstein & Meissel

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47
Q

Staining of Enzyme : reddish brown color due to alpha naphthol with diazonium salt which produces insoluble dye at the site of
enzyme.

A

Alpha-naphthyl acetate

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48
Q

Staining of enzyme: uses bromo-indoxyl acetate producing bromoindoxyl and oxidized to an insoluble azo dye giving the
enzyme activity blue

A

Indoxyl acetate ( Holt & Withers )

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49
Q

Staining of enzyme: uses unfixed cryostat sections.
uses demonstrated by oxidized tetra nitro-blue tetrazolium giving the activity
(+) bluish black color.

A

Tetrazolium method

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50
Q

STAINING OF BONE MARROW AND BLOOD ELEMENTS: Glycol Methacrylate Section

A

Rapid Toluidine-Eosin Stain

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51
Q

STAINING OF BONE MARROW AND BLOOD ELEMENTS: Improves Staining Of Cytoplasmic Granules

A

Wright’s-Giemsa-Jenner stain

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52
Q

STAINING OF BONE MARROW AND BLOOD ELEMENTS: Myeloid Cells Except Basophils

A

Peroxidase Reaction

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53
Q

combination of Romanowsky stain w/ other stain

A

Wright’s-Giemsa-Jenner Stain

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54
Q

(+) green to dark blue granules
(-) Basophil, Lymphocytes, Erythroblasts

A

Peroxidase reaction

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55
Q

STAINING OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE: Reticulin fibers

A

Gomori’s Silver Impregnation
Gordon’s and Sweets
Van Gieson

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56
Q

STAINING OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE: Stains collagen

A

Van Gieson

57
Q

STAINING OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE: Stains collagen fibers

A

Masson’s Trichrome Stain

58
Q

Staining of connnective tissue: For Elastic Fibers

A

Weigert’s Elastic Tissue Stain
Weigert’s Resorcin-fuchsin
Orcein (Taenzer-unna-orcein Method

59
Q

STAINING OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE: Rapid Method For Staining Elastic Fibers, Fibrin And Amyloid

A

Kraijan’s Method

60
Q

STAINING OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE: Amyloid

A

Mallory’s Phosphotungstic Acid
Hematoxin(PTAH) Method
Highman’s Congo Red
Alkaline Congo Red Technique
Kraijan’s Amyloid Stain (Modified Bennhold
Method)
Methyl Violet-crystal Violet Method
Induced Fluorescent Staining With
Thioflavine T
Sirius Red

61
Q

simplest method of differential staining of collagen; demonstrates CT

A

Van Gieson’s–

62
Q

natural vegetable dye from lichens, used mainly in dermatology due to its ability to demonstrate fine and delicate fibers

A

Orcein

63
Q

stain for both CNS and general tissue structures

A

Mallory’s PTAH method

64
Q

Method of choice for Amyloid

A

Alkaline Congo Red

65
Q

uses ultraviolet or Quart iodine lamps for demonstration; used as a screening method;
does not require microscopic differentiation

A

Induced Fluorescent Staining w/ Thioflavine T

66
Q

Nuclear DNA stain

A

Feulgen’s Technique

67
Q

Stain for DNA and RNA

A

Methyl Green-Pyronin Method
Acridine Orange Fluorescent Staining

68
Q

most reliable and specific histochemical staining technique

A

Feulgen’s technique

69
Q

most commonly used fluorochrome technique for DNA (orange) and RNA (red) demonstration

A

Acridine Orange Fluorescent Training

70
Q

STAINING OF MUSCLE AND BONE: Muscle Fiber and Collagen

A

Modified Gomori’s Trichrome

71
Q

STAINING OF MUSCLE AND BONE: Muscle, Neuroglia, Myelin and Collagen

A

Mallory’s Phosphotungstic Acid Hematoxylin (PTAH)

72
Q

Staining of muscle and bone: Muscle striations, Mitochondria, Myelin & Chromatin

A

Heidenhain’s Iron Hematoxylin

73
Q

Staining of muscle and bone: Muscle and Bone

A

Lissamine Fast Red – Tartrazine Method

74
Q

STAINING OF MUSCLE AND BONE: Bones: Lacunae, Canaliculi,& Bone Matrix

A

Schmorl’s Picro Thionine Method

75
Q

STAINING OF MUSCLE AND BONE: Osteoblast and Osteoclast

A

Goldner’s Method Bone Cells

76
Q

resistant to fading if the section is washed well in running tap water after differentiation to remove all
traces of iron alum

A

Heidenhain’s Iron Hematoxylin

77
Q

Routine staining method of choice in bone histology

A

Lissamine Fast Red-Tartrazine Method

78
Q

staining may be intensified by adding one to two drops of conc. ammonia before use

A

Schmorl’s Picro Thionine Method

79
Q

STAINING OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Neurons, Axons, and
Neurofibrils

A

Bielchowsky Technique

80
Q

STAINING OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Myelin sheath

A

Weigert Pal Technique
Weil’s Method

81
Q

STAINING OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Myelin

A

Kluver & Barrera Luxol Fast stain w/ Nissl Counterstain
Luxol Fast Blue – H&E stain
Luxol Fast Blue – PAS Hematoxylin Stain
Page’s Solochrome Cyanine Technique

82
Q

STAINING OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Nissl substance, Neurons

A

Cresyl Fast Violet

83
Q

STAINING OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Astrocytes, Nerve Cells &
Nerve Fibers Cajal’s

A

Gold Sublimate

84
Q

STAINING OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Astrocytic Processes

A

Modified Holzer’s Method

85
Q

STAINING OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Astrocytes

A

Modified PTAH stain

86
Q

STAINING OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Neural Tissues

A

Sevier Munger Technique

87
Q

STAINING OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Nerve Fibers & Nerve Endings

A

Bodian’s Stain

88
Q

pioneered the current staining methods for axons and neuronal processes

A

Bielchowsky

89
Q

are used for demonstration of Neuritic plaques and Neurofibrillary tangles for patients with
Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Bodian’s Stain and Sevier-Munger

90
Q

should only be performed under a fume hood due to the hazardous nature of aniline

A

Modified Holzer’s

91
Q

stain for metallic impregnation made up of HgCl2 and AuCl3

A

Cajal’s Gold Sublimate

92
Q

Hemosiderin

A

Perl’s Prussian Blue
Tumbull’s Blue Reaction

93
Q

STAINNG OF TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPOSITS Lipofuscin

A

Schmorl’s Ferric Ferricyanide
Gomori’s Aldehyde Fuchsin

94
Q

STAINNG OF TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPOSITS Iron Pigments

A

Gomori’s Prussian Blue

95
Q

STAINNG OF TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPOSITS Hemoglobin & Oxidase Granules

A

Benzidine Nitro russide Stain

96
Q

STAINNG OF TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPOSITS Bile

A

Schmorl’s Ferric Ferricyanide
Modified Fouchet’s Technique

97
Q

STAINNG OF TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPOSITS Calcium

A

Alizarin Red S
Von Kossa’s Silver Nitrate Method

98
Q

STAINNG OF TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPOSITS Copper

A

Rubeanic Acid
Modified Rhodamine
Lindquist’s Modified Rhodamine

99
Q

STAINNG OF TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPOSITS Thyroid Colloid and Argentaffin

A

Schmorl’s Ferric Ferricyanide

100
Q

STAINNG OF TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPOSITS Melanin and argentaffin

A

Masson Fontana Technique

101
Q

STAINNG OF TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPOSITS Skeletal system in Embryos & Fetuses

A

Calcium Dye Lake Reaction

102
Q

demonstration of circulatory system thru intravital staining

A

Prussian Blue

103
Q

Rarely used since ferrous is less common than ferric ion

A

Turnbull’s blue reaction

104
Q

highly carcinogenic

A

Benzidine Nitroprusside stain

105
Q

STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS: Bacteria

A

Grain Twort Stain
Brown & Brenn
Rapid Giemsa
Modified Steiner & Steiner Technique

106
Q

STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Helicobacter

A

Toluidine Blue Stain
Cresyl Violet Acetate Method

107
Q

STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS H. pylori

A

Gimenez Method
Toluidine Blue in Sorenson’s Buffer

108
Q

STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Spirochete

A

Modified Steiner and Steiner Technique
Levaditi’s
Warthin-Starry Method
Rapid Giemsa

109
Q

STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Nocardia

A

Brown and Brenn Method
Wade Fite Technique

110
Q

STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Fungi

A

Modified Steiner and Steiner Method
Grocott Methamine Silver

111
Q

STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Actinomyces

A

Brown and Brenn

112
Q

STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS AFB

A

Ziehl Neelsen Method

113
Q

STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Mycobacteria

A

Auramine-Rhodamine Fluorescent Method
More sensitive but fades after prolonged exposure to UV Iight

114
Q

STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS M. Leprae

A

Wade Fite Technique

115
Q

STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS L. Pneumophilia

A

Dieterle Method

116
Q

STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Donovan Bodies

A

Modified Steiner and Steiner Method

117
Q

STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Diptheria

A

Bismark Brown

118
Q

STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Viral Inclusions

A

Lendrum’s Phloxine - Tartrazine Method

119
Q

STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Leshmania, Malaria & Trypanosomes, Inclusion Conjuncvitis & Toxplasma

A

Rapid giemsa - differentiates WBC

120
Q

STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Filamentous and Non-Filamentous Bacteria

A

Modified Steiner

121
Q

STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Rickettsia and Viral Inclusion

A

Macchiavello’s Stain

122
Q

Demonstration deposits of calcium salts & possible sites of phosphates activities

A

Acridine red 3B

123
Q

Cytoplasmic stain for counterstaining of epithelial sections

A

Aniline Blue

124
Q

For deep staining of acid fast organisms
Main constituent of Feulgen’s & Schiff’s for aldehyde detection

A

Basic Fuchsin

125
Q

Act as a basic dye & staining acidic substances

A

Mayer’s Carmalum solution

126
Q

Recommended for routine staining of fixed sections

A

Celestine Blue

127
Q

Best known as indicator stain for axis cylinders in embryos

A

Congo Red

128
Q

Nuclear stain for staining amyloid in frozen sections and platelets in blood

A

Crystal violet

129
Q

Staining solution formed by mixture of crystal violet, methyl violet & dextrin

A

Gentian violet

130
Q

For microscopic study of starch granules, amyloid, cellulose, starch & carotenes

A

Iodine

131
Q

Decolorizer and contrast stain for ascaris eggs, rbcs, bacterial spore stain

A

Malachite green

132
Q

Metachromatic dye formed whenever methylene blue is heated

A

Methylene violet

133
Q

For observing cell granules and vacuoles of phagocytic cells

A

Neutral red

134
Q

Used as substitute for carbol fuchsin in acid fast staining

A

Night blue

135
Q

Used as contrast stain to acid fuchsin
may be used as stain, fixative, and decalcifying agen

A

Picric acid

136
Q

Used with osmic acid to fix & stain blood and glandular tissues

A

Rhodamine B

137
Q

For identification of spirochetes, reticulum & other fiber stain
-most commonly used agent for impregnation

A

Silver nitrate

138
Q

Used as substitute for thionine in fresh frozen tissues
For staining of nissle granules or chromophilic bodies -acts as metachromatic and Supravital stain

A

Toluidine blue

139
Q

Demonstration of neuroglia in frozen section

A

Victoria Blue

histopathology lecture (5 decks)

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