Lecture 4: SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF PLANTING MATERIALS Flashcards

1
Q

for successful farming, use varieties recommended or approved by the ____________________________ (NSIC), an agency under the Department of Agriculture

A

National Seed Industry Council

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2
Q

such varieties after having been bred and undergone rigid testing and evaluation were

A

o proven to have good yield
o desirable quality
o resistance to pest and diseases, and
o other desirable traits

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3
Q

KINDS OF PLANTING MATERIALS

A

a. use of seeds (sexual propagation)
b. use of vegetative parts (asexual propagation)

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4
Q

KINDS OF PLANTING MATERIALS

applicable to most annual crops (agronomic,
vegetables, plantation crops)

A

seeds (sexual propagation)

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5
Q

KINDS OF PLANTING MATERIALS

used as rootstocks for grafting and budding of tree crops

A

seeds (sexual propagation)

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6
Q

KINDS OF PLANTING MATERIALS

applicable to most fruits and ornamental crops, some agronomic crops, some plantation crops and few vegetables

A

vegetative parts (asexual propagation)

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7
Q

KINDS OF PLANTING MATERIALS

examples of vegetative parts

A

roots, leaves, stems

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8
Q

ADVANTAGES OF ASEXUAL OVER SEXUAL
METHODS

A

true-to-type plants
-with same traits
-smaller trees
-starts bearing fruits early
-only option for seedlees varieties

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9
Q

SEEDS FOR PLANTING MUST BE:

A

-physiologically mature
-should be viable

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10
Q

PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS

A
  1. scarification
  2. removing basal portion of the husk (coconuts)
  3. removing mucilage from seeds
  4. vernalization
  5. stratification
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11
Q

PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS

treatment that improves the permeability of the seedcoat to water and hasten seed germination

A

scarification

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12
Q

PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS

soaking seeds in water overnight

an example of?

A

scarification

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13
Q

PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS

soaking seeds in acid

an example of?

A

scarification

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14
Q

PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS

remove endocarp

an example of?

A

scarification

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15
Q

PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS

rubbing seeds with hand and sand removes what?

A

mucilage

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16
Q

PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS

subjecting water-soaked or germinating seeds to cold treatment to achieve flowering of cool-season crops grown in warmer environment

A

vernalization

17
Q

PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS

Subjecting the seeds to cold treatments in order to break dormancy

A

stratification

18
Q

suitable for small-seeded crops: lettuce, cabbage,
pechay, tomato, eggplant, celery

crops with slow germination rate and slow
establishment

crops that are susceptible to damping-off disease

A

RAISING OF VEGETABLE SEEDLINGS

19
Q

2 METHODS RAISING OF VEGETABLE SEEDLINGS

A

a. seedbed method
b. seedbox method

20
Q

METHODS IN RAISING OF VEGETABLE SEEDLINGS

uses well-prepared soil, sterilized by sunlight, heat or chemical (40 % formaldehyde)

A

seedbed method

21
Q

METHODS IN RAISING OF VEGETABLE SEEDLINGS - SEEDBOX

seedlings are then transferred to another seedbox to provide more space

A

pricking or pricking-pff

22
Q

RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING

A

a. germination bed or seedbed
b. bagging or potting
c. rebagging
d. use of nursery bed
e. balling

23
Q

RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING

consists of fine sand or its mixture (50:50) with garden soil

A

germination bed or seedbed

24
Q

RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING

practice of transplanting seedlings to individual bag or container to allow further growth of seedlings before field planting or grafting

A

bagging or potting

25
Q

BAGGING

plastic bags must always be provided with holes for adequate _________ and ________

TRUE OR FALSE

A

drainage and aeration

26
Q

RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING

the practice of transferring the seedling from one bag to another in order to provide greater rooting space

A

rebagging

27
Q

RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING

required for slow-growing seedlings (mangosteen
and lanzones) that require one or more years before grafting/planting

A

rebagging

28
Q

RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING

required for slow-growing seedlings (mangosteen
and lanzones) that require one or more years before grafting/planting

A

rebagging

29
Q

RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING

the practice of digging the seedlings (from the nursery bed) with a ball of soil still intact with the roots

A

balling

30
Q

VEGETABLE GRAFTING

existed as early as 384-____ BC mainly applied trees crops

A

322

31
Q

GRAFTING

rootstocks of melon scions

A

squash & melon

32
Q

GRAFTING

rootstocks of cucumber scions

A

squash, C. ficifoloia

33
Q

GRAFTING

rootstocks of tomato and eggplant scions

A

tomato and eggplant

34
Q

Benefits from/Advantages of grafting fruit tree

A

a. Utilize the good traits of the rootstock e.g. dwarfing effect, tolerance to adverse soil conditions/diseases
b. Early bearing
c. True-to-type plant
d. Can create plant with multiple root system
e. Repair damaged part of the trunk- as in bridge grafting
f. Changing of variety- by top working
g. Produce plant with multiple varieties

35
Q

Considerations for Grafting

A

Yield – Fruit Quality Improvement – Environmental
Stress Tolerance – Soil-borne Disease Resistance

36
Q

DISADVANTAGES OF GRAFTING

A

➢ Incompatibility
➢ Physiological disorder associated to grafting
➢ Needs intensive training and techniques
➢ Extra labor for grafting and seedling maintenance
➢ Additional cost for rootstock seeds, grafting materials
and needed facilities
➢ Grafting only provides soil borne disease resistance
and soil abiotic stresses.