Lecture 4: SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF PLANTING MATERIALS

Question 1

for successful farming, use varieties recommended or approved by the ____________________________ (NSIC), an agency under the Department of Agriculture

Answer 1

National Seed Industry Council

Question 2

such varieties after having been bred and undergone rigid testing and evaluation were

Answer 2

o proven to have good yield
o desirable quality
o resistance to pest and diseases, and
o other desirable traits

Question 3

KINDS OF PLANTING MATERIALS

Answer 3

a. use of seeds (sexual propagation)
b. use of vegetative parts (asexual propagation)

Question 4

KINDS OF PLANTING MATERIALS

applicable to most annual crops (agronomic,
vegetables, plantation crops)

Answer 4

seeds (sexual propagation)

Question 5

KINDS OF PLANTING MATERIALS

used as rootstocks for grafting and budding of tree crops

Answer 5

seeds (sexual propagation)

Question 6

KINDS OF PLANTING MATERIALS

applicable to most fruits and ornamental crops, some agronomic crops, some plantation crops and few vegetables

Answer 6

vegetative parts (asexual propagation)

Question 7

KINDS OF PLANTING MATERIALS

examples of vegetative parts

Answer 7

roots, leaves, stems

Question 8

ADVANTAGES OF ASEXUAL OVER SEXUAL
METHODS

Answer 8

true-to-type plants
-with same traits
-smaller trees
-starts bearing fruits early
-only option for seedlees varieties

Question 9

SEEDS FOR PLANTING MUST BE:

Answer 9

-physiologically mature
-should be viable

Question 10

PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS

Answer 10

1. scarification
2. removing basal portion of the husk (coconuts)
3. removing mucilage from seeds
4. vernalization
5. stratification

Question 11

PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS

treatment that improves the permeability of the seedcoat to water and hasten seed germination

Answer 11

scarification

Question 12

PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS

soaking seeds in water overnight

an example of?

Answer 12

scarification

Question 13

PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS

soaking seeds in acid

an example of?

Answer 13

scarification

Question 14

PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS

remove endocarp

an example of?

Answer 14

scarification

Question 15

PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS

rubbing seeds with hand and sand removes what?

Answer 15

mucilage

Question 16

PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS

subjecting water-soaked or germinating seeds to cold treatment to achieve flowering of cool-season crops grown in warmer environment

Answer 16

vernalization

Question 17

PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENT OF SEEDS

Subjecting the seeds to cold treatments in order to break dormancy

Answer 17

stratification

Question 18

suitable for small-seeded crops: lettuce, cabbage,
pechay, tomato, eggplant, celery

crops with slow germination rate and slow
establishment

crops that are susceptible to damping-off disease

Answer 18

RAISING OF VEGETABLE SEEDLINGS

Question 19

2 METHODS RAISING OF VEGETABLE SEEDLINGS

Answer 19

a. seedbed method
b. seedbox method

Question 20

METHODS IN RAISING OF VEGETABLE SEEDLINGS

uses well-prepared soil, sterilized by sunlight, heat or chemical (40 % formaldehyde)

Answer 20

seedbed method

Question 21

METHODS IN RAISING OF VEGETABLE SEEDLINGS - SEEDBOX

seedlings are then transferred to another seedbox to provide more space

Answer 21

pricking or pricking-pff

Question 22

RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING

Answer 22

a. germination bed or seedbed
b. bagging or potting
c. rebagging
d. use of nursery bed
e. balling

Question 23

RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING

consists of fine sand or its mixture (50:50) with garden soil

Answer 23

germination bed or seedbed

Question 24

RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING

practice of transplanting seedlings to individual bag or container to allow further growth of seedlings before field planting or grafting

Answer 24

bagging or potting

Question 25

BAGGING plastic bags must always be provided with holes for adequate _________ and ________ TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 25

drainage and aeration

Question 26

RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING the practice of transferring the seedling from one bag to another in order to provide greater rooting space

Answer 26

rebagging

Question 27

RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING required for slow-growing seedlings (mangosteen and lanzones) that require one or more years before grafting/planting

Answer 27

rebagging

Question 28

RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING required for slow-growing seedlings (mangosteen and lanzones) that require one or more years before grafting/planting

Answer 28

rebagging

Question 29

RAISING OF SEEDLINGS TO BE USED AS ROOTSTOCK OR FOR FIELD PLANTING the practice of digging the seedlings (from the nursery bed) with a ball of soil still intact with the roots

Answer 29

balling

Question 30

VEGETABLE GRAFTING existed as early as 384-____ BC mainly applied trees crops

Answer 30

322

Question 31

GRAFTING rootstocks of melon scions

Answer 31

squash & melon

Question 32

GRAFTING rootstocks of cucumber scions

Answer 32

squash, C. ficifoloia

Question 33

GRAFTING rootstocks of tomato and eggplant scions

Answer 33

tomato and eggplant

Question 34

Benefits from/Advantages of grafting fruit tree

Answer 34

a. Utilize the good traits of the rootstock e.g. dwarfing effect, tolerance to adverse soil conditions/diseases b. Early bearing c. True-to-type plant d. Can create plant with multiple root system e. Repair damaged part of the trunk- as in bridge grafting f. Changing of variety- by top working g. Produce plant with multiple varieties

Question 35

Considerations for Grafting

Answer 35

Yield – Fruit Quality Improvement – Environmental Stress Tolerance – Soil-borne Disease Resistance

Question 36

DISADVANTAGES OF GRAFTING

Answer 36

➢ Incompatibility ➢ Physiological disorder associated to grafting ➢ Needs intensive training and techniques ➢ Extra labor for grafting and seedling maintenance ➢ Additional cost for rootstock seeds, grafting materials and needed facilities ➢ Grafting only provides soil borne disease resistance and soil abiotic stresses.