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AGRI 32 > Lecture 9: PEST MANAGEMENT > Flashcards

Lecture 9: PEST MANAGEMENT Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

living organisms that affect plant thereby reducing yield and/or quality of the harvested product

A

PESTS

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2
Q

causes 35% crop losses according to FAO

A

PESTS

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3
Q

pests that brought down the CITRUS industry

A

leaf mottling or greening disease

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4
Q

pests that brought down the PAPAYA industry

A

papaya ringspot virus (partic. in Laguna and Cavite)

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5
Q

pests that brought down the BANANA industry

A

Panama wilt or Fusarium wilt

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6
Q

because of pests in banana, what were changes made

A

change variety from Michel to Cavendish; relocate plantations sa Pinas

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7
Q

pests that brought down the MANGO industry

A

mango hoppers

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8
Q

highly destructive to mango flowers

A

mango hoppers

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9
Q

pests that brought down the COCONUT industry

A

coconut scale insect (CSI) Aspidiotus rigidus

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10
Q

pests that affected more than 1.2M coconut trees in Calabarzon

A

coconut scale insect (Aspidiotus rigidus)

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11
Q

TYPE of pests

A
  1. pathogens
  2. insects and mites
  3. weeds
  4. vertebrate pests
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12
Q

organisms that cause diseases or abnormalities in plants

A

pathogen

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13
Q

damages of pathogens to plants

A
  1. kill the host cells
  2. block the passage of water and nutrients
  3. consume cell contents
  4. blocking of the surface of the leaf
  5. taking over the control
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14
Q

causes soft rot

A

Erwinia caratovora

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15
Q

causes bacterial wilt in banana

A

Rawlstonia solanacearum

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16
Q

causes wilt in tomato

A

Fusarium oxysporum

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17
Q

causes anthracnose in mango, citrus and eggplant

A

Colletotrichum gloeosporoides;

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18
Q

causes sooty mold in mango

A

Capnodium mangiferum

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19
Q

causes powdery mildew in cucurbits

A

Peronospora sp

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20
Q

ways by which pathogens infect and spread in plants

A
  1. entry through the wounds and natural openings;
  2. direct penetration of the host cells;
  3. by mere contact or through vectors/carriers; and
  4. use of infected planting materials
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21
Q

members of the anthropod and arachnid family, respectively

A

insect pest and mites

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22
Q

nature of damage of insect pest and mites

A
  1. tearing and eating
  2. sucking the cell up
  3. boring and feeding
  4. spreading the pathogen
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23
Q

example of insects that damages by CHEWING

A

larvae of butterflies and moth

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24
Q

an example of SUCKING insects

A

thrips, aphids, mealybugs, mites, scale insects

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25
pest that spreads pathogens
insect vectors
26
plants that grow where they are unwanted
WEEDS
27
damages brought by weeds
1. COMPETE for nutrients 2. INTERFERE with farm operations such as spraying 3. HIDING SPOTS of insects and pests 4. HOST of plant diseases
28
mammals which include rats, birds, man, animals, etc.
vertebrate pests
29
pest that eat the plant parts particularly fruits and leaves
vertebrate pests
30
major pest- disease in Abaca and Banana
Aphids vector - bunchy-top
31
major pest - disease in rice
leaf hopper - tungro
32
major pest - disease in corn
corn borer - downy mil
32
major pest - disease in corn
corn borer - downy mildew
33
major pest - disease in mango
hopper - anthracnose
34
major pest - disease in coffee
berry hopper - rust
35
an approach that employs the combination of techniques and strategies to control wide variety of pests that threaten the crop with no significant adverse effect on the environment.
integrated pest management pest management (IPM)
36
components of IPM
1. varietal resistance 2. bio control 3. physico-socio control
36
components of IPM
1. varietal resistance 2. bio control 3. physico-cultural control a. physical methods b. cultural method 4. use of pesticides
37
variety of tomato resistant to bacterial wilt
Marikit at Marilag
38
variety of corn resistant to downy mildew
UPCA Var 1
39
sigatoka-resistant variety of banana
SABA
40
variety of cucumber resistant to downy mildew
UPL-Cu1 and UPL-Cu2
41
variety of corn resistant to corn borer
Yieldgard
42
variety of papaya resistant to ringspot virus
SINTA
43
natural or artificial suppression of pest population by living organism e.g., parasites, predators, and pathogens
biological control
44
involves the introduction of natural enemies; augmentation of existing organism and conservation of those existing agents
biological control
45
a parasitoid against scale insects of citrus
Aphytis lingnanensis
46
for control of Diamondback moth of cabbage
Diadegma semiclausum and Cotesia plutellae
47
physical methods in IPM
a. quarantine b. use of physical irritants/scarecrows/sound waves c. use of chemical attractants d. use of artificial light e. use of physical barriers f. trapping g. use of sterile male technique
48
(physical methods in IPM) restricts the entry/movement of diseases plants in an area
quarantine
49
(physical methods in IPM) protect the plants from insect pests, vectors, and birds
screen house
50
use of screenhouse
1. to keep sources of scion free from insect vectors of viruses 2. to keep propagated materials free from vectors
51
(physical methods in IPM) methyl eugenol mixed with insecticide to attract and kill male fruitfly
pheromones
52
(physical methods in IPM) to control noctural insects that are active at night
use of artificial light
53
(physical methods in IPM) protects fruit from damage by fruitfly
bagging
54
(physical methods in IPM) control rats from damaging (feeding on) coconut fruits
rat guard
55
cultural methods in IPM
a. sanitation/rouging b. proper spacing c. proper drainage improve land prep d. organic farming e. balance nutrition/fertilization f. planting mixed g. crop rotation h. planting plants with anti-microb properties i. use of botanical pesticides
56
(cultural methods in IPM) removal of infested/infected plant parts; removal of fruits fallen on the ground
sanitation/rouging
57
(cultural methods in IPM) where optimum spacing must be observed
proper spacing
58
(cultural methods in IPM) improves soil aeration, keep the field drained
proper drainage and improve land preparation
59
(cultural methods in IPM) no chemical pesticides and use of natural fertilizers
organic farming
60
(cultural methods in IPM) -has an anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal properties -effective against insect pests of rice
neem extract
61
(cultural methods in IPM) has insect-repellant property
marigold
62
(cultural methods in IPM) extracted from chrysanthemum flowers
pyrethrins
63
(cultural methods in IPM) extracted from derris
rotenone
64
types of pesticides
a. Insecticides b. Fungicides c. Herbicides/Weedicides d. Nematicides e. Rodenticides
65
hot pepper; makabuhay, Neem, Derris sp. (tubli), tobacco etc.
natural pesticides
66
use of combination of strategies to reduce damage caused by weeds with no significant adverse effect on the environment.
integrated weed management (IWM)
67
methods of controlling weeds
1. physical/mechanical 2. cultural 3. chemical
68
(physical methods in IWM)
pulling, slashing, mowing
69
(cultural methods in IWM)
mulching, flooding
70
(chemical methods in IWM)
use of herbicides ex. glyphosate
71
six basic components of the american IPM
1. acceptable pest levels 2. monitoring 3. preventive cultural practices 4. mechanical controls 5. bio controls 6. responsibe use

AGRI 32 (14 decks)

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