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AGRI 32 > Lecture 6: SPECIAL PRACTICES TO CONTROL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT > Flashcards

Lecture 6: SPECIAL PRACTICES TO CONTROL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Flashcards

1
Q

D objEctivEs In CConTrolling growth

A

*control direction of growth
*to restrict plant size in the case of ornamentals
*easier cultural management practices
*earlier flowering
*control timing and synchrony of flower or fruit
*induce rooting or shoot
*delay senescence or inhibit germination

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2
Q

APPROACHES TO CONTROLLING PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

A
  1. use of chemicals like Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs)
  2. physical methods
    -training
    -pruning
    -girding
    -smudging
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3
Q

organic compounds other than nutrients which in minute amount promote, inhibit, or modify plant growth development

A

Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs)

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4
Q

naturally occurring PGR’s

A

phytohormones

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5
Q

(PGR) auxins promote what?

A

rooting of stem cuttings

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6
Q

used to promote rooting of stem cuttings in mussaenda, guava, bougainvillea, and rose

A

Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)

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7
Q

used to promote rooting of stem cuttings in black pepper

A

naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)

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7
Q

a combination of IBA and NAA mixed with talcum powder, the powder mixtures adhere to the stem cuttings when dipped

A

quick root

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8
Q

stands for alpha-napthaleneacetic acid; a synthetic auxin

A

ANAA solution

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9
Q

(PGR) promote seed germi in mussaenda seeds

A

gibberellic acid (GA)

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10
Q

(PGR) increase fruit set in citrus

A

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)

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11
Q

(PGR) reduce stem elongation in chrysanthemum

A

paclobutrazol

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12
Q

(PGR) induce/modify flowering of pineapple

A

ethrel, calcium carbide

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13
Q

(PGR) induce/modify flowering of mango

A

ethepon

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14
Q

special practice for mango using foliar spray

A

1- 3% KNO3

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15
Q

(PGR) induce flowering of crop by substituting for envi reqs in cabbage and gladiolus

A

gibberellic acid (GA)

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16
Q

(PGR) modify flowering in cucumber

A

gibberellic acid (GA) or ethepon

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17
Q

(PGR) stimulate latex flow in rubber and papaya

A

ethephon

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18
Q

(PGR) accelerate priming of uniform ripening for easier/synch harvesting in coffee

A

ethephon

19
Q

use of PGR in postharvest

A
  1. hasten/acce ripening
  2. inihibit sprouting
19
Q

to maintain a high level of reliability, commercial products must be registered with the ______________

A

Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority

20
Q

product registration involves _________ and _________ as to guaranteed analysis of active ingredients

A

bioefficacy testing and correct labelling

21
Q

techniques that direct/modify the growth of plant in terms of canopy size, shape, and direction

PHYSICAL METHOD OF CONTROLLING GROWTH

A

training

22
Q

objectives in training

A
  1. To improve yield and quality
  2. To facilitate cultural practices
23
Q

one technique of training

A

trellising (staking)

24
Q

provision of support to viny crops and other crops and other crops that could not stand without support

A

trellising

25
Q

types of trellis

A

a-type
t-type
fence type
teepee type
overhead
singular pole

26
Q

judicious removal of plant parts to achieve specific objectives

PHYSICAL METHOD OF CONTROLLING GROWTH

A

pruning

27
Q

pruning benefits

A

-control the size of the plant
-control the form (structural make-up of the plant)
-better quality fruits by better light distribution
-remove diseased & broken branches
-remove the non-productive parts
-proper proportion of root-shoot ratio

28
Q

techniques in pruning

A

A. topping/cutting back/pinching
B. bending

29
Q

TECHNIQUE IN PRUNING

removing terminal shoot of young plant to encourage spreading canopy growth and/or keep the tree dwarf

A

topping/cutting back/pinching

30
Q

TECHNIQUE IN PRUNING

to produce multiple vertical shoots, thus increase the number of bearing lateral branches

A

bending

31
Q

KINDS OF PRUNING

A
  1. preventive – removal of DEAD plant parts
  2. formative – to MODIFY SHAPE of canopy
  3. corrective – removing EXCESS shoots
  4. rejuvenative – removing most of the shoots to
    reinvigorate an old or unproductive tree
32
Q

special kind of pruning done in banana to remove excess suckers

A

desuckering

33
Q

tips in pruning

A

-use sharp and proper tools
-cut as close to the stem as possible
-prune after harvest
-disinfect the tools when transferring from plant to plant
-for large wound ( >1 inch diameter), apply fungicide prevent the entry of microorganisms

34
Q

TYPES OF PRUNING BASED ON PRUNING CUT

removal of entire branch or shoot such as in corrective and preventive pruning

A

cutting out

35
Q

TYPES OF PRUNING BASED ON PRUNING CUT

removal of portion of branch or shoot such as in formative pruning

A

cutting back

36
Q

TYPES OF PRUNING BASED ON PRUNING CUT

a severe form of cutting back such as in rejuvenative pruning

A

stubbing

37
Q

why is rejuvenation required?

A

-unproductive
-wasted investment

38
Q

cause of unproductivity in overlapping canopy

A

growers did not follow the concept of “Allotted
Space”

39
Q

how to solve overlapping canopy

A
  1. thin out by eliminating the trees in the middle
  2. prune by heading-back
40
Q

ANOTHER SPECIAL PRACTICE TO CONTROL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (except PGR and physical methods)

A

windbreak establishment

41
Q

Adverse effect of strong wind (typhoon)

A
  1. Damages among leaves, shoot and fruits
  2. Defoliation
  3. Breakage of branches
  4. Blow down of whole tree
42
Q

effectiveness of windbreak depends on

A
  1. height
  2. canopy density
42
Q

most important role of windbreak

A

to reduce windspeed and to protect the crop from damage

AGRI 32 (14 decks)

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