Cognitive structures (Arntz & Lobbestael)

Question 1

Schema

Answer 1

Generalised knowledge structure that governs information processing. Including:
- Attention (what to focus on)
- Interpretation (what meaning is given)
- Memory (what im/explicit memories are triggered)

Automatic and non-reflective nature of schemas offers a powerful explanation of the ego-syntonic, pervasive and persistent nature of PDs

Question 2

EMSs

Answer 2

Early maladaptive schemas

PD-related schemas arise from experience during early childhood when basic needs aren’t met. Not related to specific PDs

Question 3

Coping style

Answer 3

Reflect the way individuals deal w activation of a schema. Three clusters:

• Overcompensation (fight). Responding opposite to triggered EMS. Keep it out of awareness (narcissist)
• Avoidance (flight) Prevent triggering EMSs or avoid emotions/thoughts aroused by EMS.
• Surrender (Freeze) Survive by submitting to what EMSs dictate. Eg believing inferiority and not attempting change (DEPD)

Question 4

Schema mode

Answer 4

Emotional-cognitive behavioural state of a person, not a trait-like concept. seen as a whole.

some modes have a relation to specific PD. Its a combination of an activated specific EMS and specific coping style.

Helps understand different/conflicting behaviour. eg mode switches.

Question 5

Idiosyncratic case conceptualization