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clinmed_ii > Lecture prophylaxis > Flashcards

Lecture prophylaxis Flashcards

1
Q

What is bioterrorism?

A

intentional release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs that can sicken or kill people, livestock, or crops

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2
Q

What is weaponization?

A

the processing of microbes or toxins in a manner that would ensure a devastating effect following release

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3
Q

What are features of biologic agents used as bioweapons?

A

High morbidity and mortally rate
Easily spread
Hard to tell
Low infective dose and highly infectious by air

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4
Q

What are the features of category A of a bioweapon?

A

Easily spread
High morbidity and morality
Requires special action for public health
Potential to cause panic

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5
Q

What are the features of category B of a bioweapon?

A

Moderately easy to spread
Low-moderate morbidity and morality

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6
Q

What are features of category C of a bioweapon?

A

Readily available
Could be engineered for mass spread in the future
Potential for major health impact

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7
Q

What are category A bioagents?

A

Antrax
Botulism
Plague
Smallpox
Tularemia
Viral Hemorrhagic fevers (Ebola)

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8
Q

What are category B bioagents?

A

Brucellosis
Salmonella
E voli
Typhus fever

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9
Q

What are category C bioagents?

A

Emergent threats

Nipah
Hantavirus
SARS
MERS coronavirus
Pandemic flu

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10
Q

What type of bacteria is anthrax? Where is it found in?

A

Gram + rod
Spore-forming
Found in soil

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11
Q

Where is anthrax most likely form if you develop GI symptoms?

A

Contaminated meat

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12
Q

What presents on an anthrax skin infection?

A

Papule to painless vesicle to necrotic eschar

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13
Q

What are symptoms of an anthrax respiratory infection?

A

Fever
Fatigue
Malaise
N/V
Cough
SOB
Pneumonia
Pleural effusions
Death

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14
Q

How is anthrax diagnosed?

A

Blood culture
Skin lesions
Resp secretions

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15
Q

How do you treat anthrax?

A

Antitoxin
Cipro
Clinda

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16
Q

How do you treat pts for post-exposure/prophylaxis?

A

Vaccination
Cipro
Doxy
Amox

17
Q

What are the microbiologic features of botulism?

A

Only agent that is non-living
Gram + anaerobe
Found in soil
7 Forms
Releases acetylcholine(flaccid paralysis of muscles)

18
Q

What are S/S of botulism?

A

Dry mouth
Ptosis
Dilated pupils
Weakness
Diplopia

Everything that uses muscle

19
Q

How do we diagnose botulism?

A

Toxin immunoassay

20
Q

How do you treat botulism?

A

Equine antitoxin
Intubation
Mechanical ventilation
Parenteral nutriton

21
Q

How do you prevent botulism?

A

No vaccine

22
Q

What type of bacteria is the plague?

A

Gram - bacillus

23
Q

What are the two types of plague?

A

Bubonic plague and pneumonic plague
Septicemic is one too

24
Q

What are symptoms of the bubonic plague?

A

Painful LAD w/ necrosis, fever, bacteremia
Nodes called buboes
Extensive ecchymosis and necrosis of digits and nose

25
Q

What are symptoms of pneumonic plague?

A

Fever, cough, hemoptysis, and GI symptoms
Mortality 84%
pneumonia, pleural effusion, and lung consolidation

25
Q

What are symptoms of pneumonic plague?

A

Fever, cough, hemoptysis, and GI symptoms
Mortality 84%
pneumonia, pleural effusion, and lung consolidation

26
Q

How do you diagnose plague?

A

Blood culture
Buboes culture
Sputum

27
Q

How do you treat the plague?

A

Genta
Streptococcal
Doxy
Chloramphenicol

28
Q

What is the prophylaxis treatment of the plague?

A

Doxy
Levo

29
Q

What is the microbiological feature of small box?

A

Double-strand DNA virus from Poxviridae family

30
Q

What are S/S of smallpox?

A

Fever
Malaise
HA
N/V
Back pain
Mouth ulcers
Rash(face and extremities, spread to trunk)
Vesicles to pustules to scabs

31
Q

What are S/S of smallpox?

A

Fever
Malaise
HA
N/V
Back pain
Mouth ulcers
Rash(face and extremities, spread to trunk)
Vesicles to pustules to scabs

32
Q

How do you diagnose smallpox?

A

Culture
PCR(polymerase chain reaction)

33
Q

How do you treat smallpox?

A

Strict isolation
Supportive measures only

34
Q

What are the microbiologic features of tularemia?

A

Gram - Coccobacillus
Survives for weeks on surfaces
infection from insect bites or environmental contamination
Tick and flea bites
Spreads in air

35
Q

What are the S/S of tularemia?

A

Inflammation of airway
Pharyngitis, pleuritis, bronchopneumonia
Fever
HA
Chills
Fatigue
Malaise
Conjunctivitis
Exanthema
50% infiltrate on CXR
Hilar adenopathy w/o infiltrate

clinmed_ii (15 decks)

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