Pathogens and Host - Virus and Pathogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the virus pathogenic mechanisms?

A

Cell destruction following virus infection

Changes to cellular gene expression

Immunopathogenic disease

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2
Q

What are the sites of viral entry?

A

Conjunciva
Arthropod
Capillary
Skin
Respiratory tract
Alimentary tract
Urogenital tract

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3
Q

What is a chronic infection?

A

Persistant virus shedding

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4
Q

Define viraemia

A

Presence of the virus in the blood

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5
Q

What can worsen the destruction of respiratory epithelium by influenza A virus?

A

Secondary bacterial infection

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6
Q

What is the effect of avian flu on cytokine expression?

A

Causes a cytokine storm

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7
Q

What is an antigenic drift?

A

Gradual evolution of viruses to generate antigenic variants

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8
Q

What is antigenic shift?

A

Significant changes in virus antigenic structure

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9
Q

What can have a significant action in antigenic shift?

A

Non - human hosts

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10
Q

Name some enterovirus infections

A

Poliomyelitis
Aseptic meningitis
Myocarditis
Pancreatitis
Respiratory infections

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11
Q

What can be the result of infection of the neuronal tissues?

A

Paralysis

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12
Q

Give an example of latent virus infection

A

Herpes

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13
Q

Where does a virus lay latent?

A

Within a nucleus in the ganglia

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14
Q

Give an example that might reactivate a latent virus?

A

Sunlight

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15
Q

Give two examples of virus that can cause cancer

A

Papillomaviruses HPV - cervical carcinoma
Retroviruses - lymphomas and leukaemias

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16
Q

How does the Human T-lymphotropic virus modify host cell gene expression?

A

Using transactivating protein - tax