Homework Assignment Chapter 6

Question 1

In general, which of the following can human cells do?
1.) move, grow, react, and protect themselves
2.) repair damage and regulate life processes
3.) reproduce

a.) 1 and 2 only
b.) 1 and 3 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 1

d.) 1, 2 and 3

Question 2

Inorganic materials are compounds that:

a.) contain only very small amounts of carbon
b.) contain moderate amounts of carbon
c.) contain large amounts of carbon
d.) do not contain carbon

Answer 2

d.) do not contain carbon

Question 3

The steps, or rungs of the DNA ladder like structure consist of complementary chemicals that are:

a.) acetic acids
b.) fatty acids
c.) pairs of nitrogenous bases
d.) sugar phosphate compounds

Answer 3

c.) pairs of nitrogenous bases

Question 4

Which of the following are compounds called purines?
1.) adenine and cytosine
2.) adenine and guanine
3.) adenine and thymine

a.) 1 only
b.) 2 only
c.) 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 4

b.) 2 only

Question 5

The much smaller structures that make up nucleic acids are called:

a.) carbohydrates
b.) fatty acids
c.) nucleotides
d.) polysaccharides

Answer 5

c.) nucleotides

Question 6

Which of the following serves as a prototype for messenger RNA (mRNA)?

a.) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
b.) nitric acid
c.) potassium and sodium
d.) transfer RNAd

Answer 6

a.) DNA

Question 7

During which of the following subphases of of mitosis do the centrioles migrate to opposire sides of the cell and begin to regulate the formation of the mitotic spindle?

a.) anaphase
b.) metaphase
c.) prophase
d.) telophase

Answer 7

c.) prophase

Question 8

Cytosine bonds only with:

a.) adenine
b.) guanine
c.) nitrogen
d.) thymine

Answer 8

b.) guanine

Question 9

If exposure to outside influence such as ionizing radiation damages the components of the cell involved in molecular synthesis beyond repair, then cells:

1.) behave abnormally
2.) die
3.) take on a glowing greenish color when viewed under an electronic microscope

a.) 1 and 2 only
b.) 1 and 3 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 9

a.) 1 and 2 only

Question 10

Adenine bonds only with:

a.) cytosine
b.) guanine
c.) hydrogen
d.) thymine

Answer 10

d.) thymine

Question 11

During what phase of mitosis do the paired sister chromatids seperate from one another to form individual daughter chromosomes?

a.) prophase
b.) metaphase
c.) anaphase
d.) telophase

Answer 11

c.) anaphase

Question 12

What is a highly coiled strand that is one of two duplicated portions of DNA in a replicated chromosome that appear during cell division identified as?

a.) a centrosome
b.) a centromere
c.) a chromatid
d.) a curl

Answer 12

c.) a chromatid

Question 13

Any chromosome damage induced by radiation could be seen during the __________.

a.) metaphase
b.) telophase
c.) anaphase
d.) prophase

Answer 13

a.) metaphase

Question 14

_____________ creates a stickiness on a macromolecule, causing it to connect to another macromolecule, or to another section of the same molecule.

a.) main chain fission
b.) cross linking
c.) point lesion
d.) radiolysis

Answer 14

b.) cross linking

Question 15

It is during mitosis that cells are most:

a.) radioresistant
b.) mature
c.) radiosensitive
d.) anabolic

Answer 15

a.) radiosensitive

Question 16

The stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes becomes arranged in the equatorial plane of the spindle is termed

a.) prophase
b.) metaphase
c.)) anaphase
d.) telophase

Answer 16

b.) metaphase

Question 17

The type of irradiation damage most likely to cause abnormalities in base sequences, and thus cell mutation, would be

a.) single strand breaks
b.) double strand breaks
c.) cross linking
d.) base damage

Answer 17

d.) base damage

Question 18

Cell death which occurs before mitosis is termed:

a.) RNA death
b.) DNA death
c.) interphase death
d.) prophase death

Answer 18

c.) interphase death

Question 19

If a macromolecule has a _____________, it willl break down into smaller molecules.

a.) main chain scission
b.) point lesion
c.) cross linking
d.) point mutation

Answer 19

b.) point lesion

Question 20

Mitosis and meiosis go through the same process until they reach ____________ phase of cellular division

a.) prophase
b.) metaphase
c.) anaphase
d.) telophase

Answer 20

d.) telopahse

Question 21

Which of the following contains all the information that cells need to function.

a.) mRNA
b.) tRNA
c.) DNA
d.) ribosomes

Answer 21

c.) DNA

Question 22

DNA

a.) passes genetic information from cell to cell, and ultimately from generation and generation
b.) assist in digesting old, worn out cell parts, dead cells bacteria and foreign materials
c.) is involved with cell respiration
d.) is involved with cell secretion

Answer 22

a.) passes genetic information from cell to cell, and ultimately from generation and generation

Question 23

The type of cell division involving somatic cells in which a parent cell divides to create two daughter cells that contain the same chromosome number and DNA content as the parent is termed:

a.) mitosis
b.) meiosis
c.) interphase
d.) s phase

Answer 23

a.) mitosis

Question 24

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages during mitosis?

a.) prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase
b.) prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
c.) prophase, telophase, metaphase, anaphase
d.) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Answer 24

d.) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 25

The most radiosensitive target molecule in the human cell is the __________.

a.) protein
b.) DNA
c.) hormone
d.) glucose

Answer 25

b.) DNA

Question 26

Which of the following are effects of DNA irradiation

1.) genetic damage
2.) cell death
3.) rapid proliferation of cells

a.) 1 and 3
b.) 1, 2 and 3
c.) 1 and 2
d.) 2 and 3

Question 27

Which type of radiation will most likely result in a frameshift mutation (shift in codon sequences within the DNA molecule)

a.) low RBE
b.) low LET
c.) high DQE
d.) high LET

Answer 27

d.) high LET

Question 28

The final stage of mitosis and of the second division of meiosis in which the spindle disappears and the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes is termed:

a.) prophase
b.) metaphase
c.) anaphase
d.) telophase

Answer 28

d.) telophase

Question 29

The human body is composed of about 80% _________.

a.) carbohydrates
b.) protein
c.) nucleic acids
d.) water

Answer 29

d.) water

Question 30

The point or region on a chromosome to which the spindle attaches during mitosis and meiosis is termed the:

a.) nuclear membrane
b.) chromatid
c.) centromere
d.) chromatin

Answer 30

c.) centromere

Question 31

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is located primarily in the __________.

a.) cytoplasm
b.) nucleus
c.) cell wall
d.) ribosomes

Answer 31

a.) cytoplasm