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Pharmacology > Antiparasitic > Flashcards

Antiparasitic Flashcards

1
Q

First line treatment for Leishmania

A

Amphotericin B

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2
Q

First line treatment for cryptosporidiosis

A

Nitazoxanide

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3
Q

First line treatment for ascariasis

A

Albendazole

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4
Q

First line treatment for hookworm

A

Albendazole

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5
Q

First line treatment for neurocysticercosis

A

Albendazole

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6
Q

First line treatment for schistosomiasis

A

Praziquantel

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7
Q

First line treatment for stronglyodiasis

A

Ivermectin

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8
Q

First line treatment for plasmodium prevention

A

Chloroquine

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9
Q

First line treatment for severe malaria

A

Artemisin

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10
Q

Prophylaxis of malaria

A

Proguanil

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11
Q

First line treatment for toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine + leucovorin

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12
Q

First line treatment for trypanosomiasis

A

Pentamidine

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13
Q

First line treatment for giardiasis

A

Metronidazole

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14
Q

First line treatment for trichomoniasis

A

Metronidazole

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15
Q

First line treatment for advanced trypanosomiasis

A

Eflorenthine + nifurtimox

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16
Q

Clioquinol

A

8-hydroxiquinolone
Intraluminal immobilization of protozoa

Amebas
- Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy

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17
Q

Metronidazole

A

Nitroimidazole
Activated by ferredoxin or flavodoxin —> free radicals
—> DNA breaks —> death

Amebiasis and Giardiasis
Trichomoniasis
Anaerobic bacteria

18
Q

Which antiparasitic can be used in H.pylori therapy if the patient is allergic to amoxicillin?

A

Metronidazole

19
Q

Metronidazole side effects

A

Peripheral neuropathy
ALCOHOL - disulfiram reaction

20
Q

Metronidazole targets

take the METRO To lonG BEaCH

A

Trichomoniasis
Giardiasis
Bacterioides
Entamoeba
Clostridium
H.pylori

21
Q

Nitazoxanide

A

Broad spectrum
Interacts with electron transfer in protozoa

CRYPTOSPOIDIOSIS
***teratogenic

22
Q

Pentamidine

A

Inhibits protein and RNA synthesis of protozoa
Parenteral

Trypanosomas
Cutaneous leishmaniasis

23
Q

Benzimidazoles target protozoa or helmints?

A

Helmints

24
Q

Benzimidazole MOA

A

Binds b-tubulin —> inhibit microtubule polymerization
—> selective toxicity

25
Q

Albendazole

A

Benzimidazole prodrug
NEMATODES
Ascaris
Hookwork (necator)
Taenia - neurocysticercosis
Giardia
Echinococcus

26
Q

Albendazole side effects

A

Headache
Hepatotoxic

27
Q

Tinidazole

A

Nitroimidazole
Activated by ferredoxin/flavodoxin —> free radical —> death

Longer half-life than metronidazole and less side effects

28
Q

Mebendazole

A

Benzimidazole
NEMATODE
Ascarisis
Trichuriasis
Hookworm

With cimetidine

29
Q

Benzimidazole main side effect

A

Teratogenic

30
Q

Praziquantel

A

Increases Ca2+ permeability in parasites
—> muscle paralysis —> death

Tegumental damage —> ROS, expose antigen

SCHISTOSOMIASIS
2nd line cysticercosis to albendazole

31
Q

Ivermectin

A

High affinity Cl- ion channel binding —> permeability
—> cell hyperpolarization —> paralysis —> death

STRONGYLODIASIS
Lice
Scabies
Trichuriasis
Ascariasis

32
Q

Ivermectin side effect

A

MAZZOTI-LIKE REACTION

33
Q

Drug that causes mazzoti-like reaction

A

Ivermectin

34
Q

Chloroquine

A

Quinoline derivative
Accumulate in Plasmodium vacuole —> bind heme
—> prevent hemozoin
Since heme is toxic to parasite —> death

FIRST LINE FOR PLASMODIUM

35
Q

Chloroquine side effects

A

Pruritus
Retinopathy - bilateral
CNS: agitation, confusion

36
Q

Primaquine

A

Quinolone derivative
Accumulate in Plasmodium vacuole —> bind heme
—> prevent hemozoin
Since heme is toxic to parasite —> death

Malaria PROPHYLAXIS
Rare use for pneumocystis pneumonia

37
Q

Pramiquine side effects

A

Hemolytic anemia
Arrythmias
GI effects

38
Q

Artemisin

A

Prodrug —> dihydroartemisin —> accumulate in vacuola
—> bind to heme —> free radical prod —> death

SEVERE MALARIA

39
Q

Pyrimethamine

A

Inhibit DHFR ++++sulfadoxime
—> no DNA synthesis

Malaria

40
Q

Pyrimethamine side effects

A

CNS: ataxia, tremor, seizure
Pancytopenia

41
Q

Secnidazole

A

Nitroimidazole
Rarely used

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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