Renal

Question 1

Target of mannitol in the kidney

Answer 1

Proximal convolutes tubule and descending loop of Henle
Sugar, amino acid, Na permeable
Water permeable

Question 2

Target of acetazolamide in the kidney

Answer 2

Proximal convoluted tubule,
Sugar, amino acid, Na permeable

Question 3

Target of loop diuretics in the kidney

Answer 3

Ascending loop of Henle, salt permeable

Question 4

Target of thiazide diuretics in the kidney

Answer 4

Distal convoluted tubules, Na, Cl and Ca permeable

Question 5

Target of K sparing diuretics in the kidney

Answer 5

Near collecting duct, K, H, and Na permeable

Question 6

Which diuretic is contraindicated in HF?

Answer 6

Mannitol

Causes hypo or hyperNa and can exacerbate pulmonary edema

Question 7

MOA mannitol, therefore 2 uses

Answer 7

Osmotic diuretic

Decreases intracranial or intraocular pressure
Used for drug overdose

Question 8

MOA acetazolamide , therefore important side effects

Answer 8

Inhibits carbonic anhydrase —> NaHCO3 diuresis

• ACIDOSIS
• NH3 toxicity
• Ca Ph stone formation

Question 9

Main uses of acetazolamide (4)

Answer 9

• Glaucoma
• Metabolic alkalosis
• Altitude sickness
• Intracranial hypertension idiopathic

Question 10

Loop diuretic name termination

Answer 10

-semide

Except bumetanide and ethacrynic acid

Question 11

MOA loop diuretics

Answer 11

Inhibit Na/K/2Cl cotransport
Excreting Ca

Question 12

Which diuretics are used for edematous states (HF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, etc)?

Answer 12

Loop diuretics

Question 13

Loop diuretic uses (3)

Answer 13

• Edema
• Hypertension
• HyperCa

Question 14

Loop diuretic main side effects “OHH DAANG!”

Answer 14

Ototoxicity
HypoK
HypoMg

Dehydration
Allergy (sulfa)
Alkalosis
Nephritis
Gout

Question 15

What is the name of the nonsulfonamide loop diuretic?

Answer 15

Ethacrynic acid

Note: more OTOTOXIC

Question 16

MOA thiazide diuretics

Answer 16

Inhibit NaCl reabsorption —> less Ca excretion

Question 17

Thiazide diuretic uses (5) Hint: highly related to its MOA

Answer 17

• Hypertension
• HF
• Idiopathic hyperCa
• Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
• Osteoporosis

Question 18

Thiazide diuretic side effects. Hint: hyperGLUC + 3 others

Answer 18

Hyper:
- Glycemia
- Lipidemia
- Uricemia
- Calcemia

Alkalosis hypo K
Hypo Na
Sulfa allergy

Question 19

Which are K sparing diuretics? Hint: Keep your SEAT

Answer 19

Spironolactone
Eplerenone
Amiloride
Triamterene

Question 20

MOA K sparing diuretics

Answer 20

-one
= competitive aldosterONE receptor antagonists in collecting tube

Triamterene and amiloride: block Na channels

Question 21

K sparing diuretics GENERAL uses (3)

Answer 21

• Hyperaldosteronism
• K depletion
• HF

Question 22

Which K sparing diuretic is used for hepatic ascites?

Answer 22

Spironolactone

Question 23

Which K sparing diuretic is used for nephrogenic DI?

Answer 23

Amiloride

Question 24

Which K sparing diuretic is used as an anti-androgenic?

Answer 24

Spironolactone

Question 25

Main side effect of K sparing diuretics

Answer 25

HYPERK —> arrhythmias

Question 26

Which K sparing diuretic has more side effects and what are they?

Answer 26

Spironolactone

Gynecomastia, less testosterone, decreased libido, etc.

Question 27

MOA vasopressin

Answer 27

Antidiuretic hormone

Regulates aquaporin channel in principal cells of collecting duct

Question 28

What is desmopressin?

Answer 28

ADH analog

Question 29

Desmopressin uses (2)

Answer 29

Central diabetes insipidus
Nocturnal enuresis