Lecture 4 Flashcards
Behavioural adaptation
פלסטיות התנהגותית הקשורה לחושים
Subjects with inverting prism glasses: where do changes occur in the brain?
V1 cells respond to ipsi-lateral (same side) visual field after adaptation.
כשמסירים את המשקפיים תאים אלו מדוכאים.
Posterior parietal cortex (spatial attention) active during
adaptation (PET)
Premotor cortex suppression eliminated adaptation.
Which two brain areas are responsible for neurogenesis?
יש שני אזורים במוח המבוגר שיש להם את היכולת ליצור תאים חדשים:
1) Dentate gyrus in the hippocampus.
2) Subventricular zone (SVZ) in the lateral ventricles.
- Would die if new learning is not taking place.
- Decreased by stress.
- Enhanced by physical exercise, and anti-depressants.
Name the five mechanisms underlying cortical plasticity
1) synaptogenesis
2) changes to synaptic strength (synaptic morphology and size, receptor binding) such as long term potentiation and post synaptic density.
3) changes to dendritic morphology (length and spine density) such as pruning.
4) changes to axonal trajectory and myelination
5) neurogenesis
Long term potentiation (LTP)
a part of changes to synaptic strengths
התפתחות הסתעפויות נוספות במרכב המבני של הדנדריט שמתחברים לסינפסות של התא.
Filopodia formation
initiation of contact with axonal bouton
Post-synaptic density (PSD)
יש חלבון שיוצר קשר עם הסינפסה של התא. ככל שמשתמשים בתאים יותר ה- PSD עולה והבועות מתרחבות שיש בהם נוירוטרנסמיטרים
Pruning
A mechanism that discards unnecessary synapses. It is a natural process that happens at different developmental stages.
An example of changes to dendritic morphology.
Name a neurological disorder that demonstrates how plasticity might be harmful.
Dystonia in musicians: Repetitive synchronous finger movements result infused somatosensory representations of digits in 2 organ players.
תופעה שקשורה להפרעות מוטוריות ואי שליטה על תנועות.
The supramodal hypothesis
Supramodal skills such as encoding of directional motion, or skills that are shared across senses, have greater potential to undergo enhancement and reorganization.
Following peripheral loss, supramodal skills will be enhanced more than unimodal skills such as colour detection.
cross-modal plasticity
Refers to the brain’s ability to reorganize and adapt in response to sensory deprivation or loss, where the remaining intact sensory modalities take over the function of the impaired modality.
Supramodal examples because I was so confused
להשתמש באותו אזור דרך חושים שונים
The visual word form area (VWFA) which is activated in sighted people when we they use vision is activated when blind people use touch.
In a sound localization task, the occipital lobe was activated among blind people demonstrating visual-auditory cross-modal plasticity.
Correlation between V1 activation and verbal memory performance among blind people. They performed even better than sighted people. Once V1 is inhibited, the performance was worse.
supramodal visual tasks: deaf cats > hearing cats.
What happens when we inhibit pars tringularis (Broca) due to over activation in RH compensation in aphasia?
שיפור במספר המילים הנכונים שמבטאים ומהירותם.
What happens when we inhibit pars opercularis (Broca) due to over activation in RH compensation in aphasia?
המצב יחמיר
למה קשור ה- pare tringularis?
סמנטיקה
