Lecture 8+9 Flashcards
Space repetition
ืืืืืืื ืืช ืืจืืื ืืืื ืืืืฉืืคื ืืืืืข ืฉืจืืฆืื ืืืืืจ ืขื ืืคืขื ืืืื ืฉื ืืฉืื ืขืืื (ืืืจื 2 ืืงืืช, ืืืจื 15 ืืงืืช, ืืืจื 20 ืืงืืชโฆ)
Mnemonic/ cue repetition
ืื ืืฉ ืืฉืื ืกืคืฆืืคื ืืืืจืื ืขืฆืื ืฉืืืืืจ ืื ื ืืืจ ืืกืืื.
What memory types were impaired for HM?
ืืชืงืฉื ืืืืืจืื ืืืงืืจืืืื
ืขืื ืืฆืื ืืคืจืืฆืืืจืื, ืืืืจืื ืืขืืืื (ืื ืืืืจืื ืืขืืืื ืื ื ืืฆื ืืืืคืืงืืคืืก), ืืืืืจืื ืืืื ืืจืื ืืคื ื ืื ืืชืื
Digit span test
ืืชืืงืฉืื ืืืกืชืื ืขื ืืจืืข ืืกืคืจืื ืืืืืืจ ืขืืืื, ืืืืขืื ืขื 10 ืกืคืจืืช. Continue until you fail on both sequences at a given length. Your span is one digit less than this.
ืืื ืืืืืจืื ืืขืืืื.
Repetition priming
refers to improvements in a behavioural response when stimuli are repeatedly presented. Also, for amnesics (Preserved in H.M.)
ืืืื ืืืืืช ืฉืืงืืืื ืืื ืคืจืืฆืืืจืื ืืฉื ืืืืจื.
Double dissociation of procedural and declarative memory
Spared procedural memory in Amnesia:
can learn rules of a weather prediction game (procedural
memory) but canโt remember which cards were previously seen (declarative memory).
Opposite dissociation in Parkinsonโs disease: Associated with lesion to Basal ganglia.
What memory systems are impaired in amnesia?
decelerative (explicit) memory: semantic & episodic; might be dissociable.
What type of amnesia did H.M. have?
anterograde amnesia.
Anterograde amnesia (AA)
memory loss for events occurring after the onset of the problem.
Retrograde amnesia (RA)
memory loss for events occurring before the onset of the problem.
Flat retrograde amnesia (RA)
consisting of a uniform memory deficit for information
from all preamnesia time periods. ืฉืืืืื ืืช ืืื ืื ืืฉื ื ืื ืงืจืื ืื ืจืืืง ืืืื ืืคืืืขื.
Graded retrograde amnesia (RA)
greater memory deficits for information from recent as opposed to remote time periods due to consolidation and reconsolidation processes.
4 retrograde amnesia difficulties
1) Identify people and events from different decades.
2) Autobiographical cueing.
3) Temporal gradient: Memories formed early in life are more likely to survive than memories formed later in life.
4) The vulnerability of a memory to brain injury is inversely related to its age.
Korsakoff Syndrome
- Alcoholism and malnutrition.
- Thiamine - B1 deficiency.
- Amnesic symptoms: global amnesia: (RA + AA).
- Confabulations, no insight, apathy.
- Lesioned medial dorsal thalamic nuc. & Mammillary bodies (part of the limbic system).
- Intact hippocampus.
Telescopic memory
Seeing recent events as more remote than they are and remote events as more recent.