ch10

Question 1

a belief that associates a whole group of people with a certain trait.

Answer 1

stereotype

Question 2

hostile or negative feelings about people based on their membership in a certain group

Answer 2

prejudice

Question 3

behaviour directed against people solely because of their membership in a particular group.

Answer 3

discrimination

Question 4

the practice of classifying people into in‐groups or out‐groups based on attributes that the person has in common with the in‐group or out‐group

Answer 4

social categorization

Question 5

people’s tendency to underestimate the variability of out‐group members compared to the variability of in‐group members

Answer 5

out‐group homogeneity effect

Question 6

the tendency to see out‐group members as looking very similar to one another and showing greater accuracy for recognizing in‐group members than out‐group members

Answer 6

cross‐ethnic identification bias

Question 7

the tendency to evaluate one’s in‐group more positively than out‐groups.

Answer 7

in‐group favouritism

Question 8

a personality variable that shows preference for maintaining hierarchy both within groups and between groups.

Answer 8

social dominance orientation (SDO)

Question 9

the tendency to overestimate the association between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated

Answer 9

illusory correlation

Question 10

an error in which people make dispositional attributions for negative behaviour and situational attributions for positive behaviour by out‐group members yet show the reverse attributions for successes and failures for their in‐group members

Answer 10

ultimate attribution error

Question 11

a model that posits that people within a group are more often compared to others within that group rather than to people in other groups

Answer 11

shifting standards model

Question 12

the tendency to see things in line with one’s expectations.

Answer 12

perceptual confirmation

Question 13

the tendency to search for information that supports one’s initial view.

Answer 13

confirmation bias

Question 14

the fear that one’s behaviour may confirm an existing cultural stereotype, which then disrupts one’s performance

Answer 14

stereotype threat

Question 15

a model that proposes that people in disadvantaged groups experience a negative impact on their well‐being when they perceive prejudice and discrimination against themselves.

Answer 15

rejection‐identification model

Question 16

preferential treatment of people in stereotyped groups

Answer 16

reverse discrimination

Question 17

feelings of hostility toward women based on their threat to men’s power

Answer 17

hostile sexism

Question 18

having positive, but patronizing, views of women

Answer 18

benevolent sexism

Question 19

conscious endorsement of unprejudiced beliefs about a group while at the same time holding unconscious negative attitudes toward the group

Answer 19

aversive prejudice

Question 20

the maintenance of prior beliefs by creating separate categories for people who disconfirm these stereotypes

Answer 20

subcategorization

Question 21

a stereotype that one holds about one’s own group.

Answer 21

auto‐stereotypes

Question 22

stereotypes about other groups

Answer 22

hetero-stereotypes

Question 23

a person’s beliefs about the stereotypes that out‐group members hold about the person’s own group.

Answer 23

meta‐stereotype