Male and Female Health Flashcards
Most oral contraceptives contain
ethinyl estradiol, progestin, (norethindrone, levonorgestrel, drospirenone)
monophasic
contain the same dose of estrogen and progestin throughout the pack
-Junel Fe, Microgestin Fe, Sprintec, Loestrin, Yasmin
biphasic, triphasic, and quadriphasic
mimic the estrogen and progesterone level
-biphasic/triphasic: ortho tri cyclen lo; tri sprintec
-quadriphasic: natazia
Drospirenone
-used to reduce adverse effects
-potassium-sparing diuretic which decreases bloating, PMS symptoms, weight gain
-Yasmin, Yaz
-has a higher risk of blood clots, increased potassium. Do not use with kidney, liver, or adrenal gland disease
Extended cycle formulation
seasonique
Progestin-only
Errin, Camila, Nora-BE
-must be taken at the same time everyday to be effective - if missed by 30 min extra contraception is needed for 48 hrs
Lo
indicates < 35 mcg of estrogen
Fe
indicates iron
24
indicates shorter placebo time
ACHES
-abdominal pain (indicate a ruptured liver tumor or cyst, mesenteric or pelvic vein thrombosis,
-chest pain (sharp, crushing, or heavy pain)
-headaches (sudden and severe with vomiting or weakness/numbeness on one side of the body)
-eye problems (blurry vision)
-swelling or sudden leg pain
do not use in women > 35 who smoke, hx of DVT/PE, stroke, CAD, breast/ovarian/liver cancer, or those with migraines w/ aura
breakthrough bleeding
- taking < 30 mcg estrogen daily: increase estrogen dose
- taking > 30 mcg estrogen daily: try a different progestin
clomiphene
-acts as estrogen to increase LH/FSH –> cause ovulation
aromatase inhibitors
suppress estrogen to increase FSH –> cause ovulation
Gonadotropin
drugs act as LH, FSH, or hCG –> cause ovulation
pregnancy category: A
no risk
pregnancy category: B
animal studies have not demonstrated fetal risk
pregnancy category: C
animal studies have shown harm - no well-controlled studies in pregnant women
-benefit outweighs risk
pregnancy category: D
positive evidence of risk to the human fetus - benefits may outweigh the risk
Teratogen: Acne
isotetinoin, topical retinoids
Teratogen: antibiotics
quinolones, tetracyclines