Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NAPLEX STUDY > Male and Female Health > Flashcards

Male and Female Health Flashcards

1
Q

Most oral contraceptives contain

A

ethinyl estradiol, progestin, (norethindrone, levonorgestrel, drospirenone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

monophasic

A

contain the same dose of estrogen and progestin throughout the pack
-Junel Fe, Microgestin Fe, Sprintec, Loestrin, Yasmin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

biphasic, triphasic, and quadriphasic

A

mimic the estrogen and progesterone level
-biphasic/triphasic: ortho tri cyclen lo; tri sprintec
-quadriphasic: natazia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Drospirenone

A

-used to reduce adverse effects
-potassium-sparing diuretic which decreases bloating, PMS symptoms, weight gain
-Yasmin, Yaz
-has a higher risk of blood clots, increased potassium. Do not use with kidney, liver, or adrenal gland disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Extended cycle formulation

A

seasonique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Progestin-only

A

Errin, Camila, Nora-BE
-must be taken at the same time everyday to be effective - if missed by 30 min extra contraception is needed for 48 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lo

A

indicates < 35 mcg of estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fe

A

indicates iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

24

A

indicates shorter placebo time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ACHES

A

-abdominal pain (indicate a ruptured liver tumor or cyst, mesenteric or pelvic vein thrombosis,
-chest pain (sharp, crushing, or heavy pain)
-headaches (sudden and severe with vomiting or weakness/numbeness on one side of the body)
-eye problems (blurry vision)
-swelling or sudden leg pain

do not use in women > 35 who smoke, hx of DVT/PE, stroke, CAD, breast/ovarian/liver cancer, or those with migraines w/ aura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

breakthrough bleeding

A
  • taking < 30 mcg estrogen daily: increase estrogen dose
  • taking > 30 mcg estrogen daily: try a different progestin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

clomiphene

A

-acts as estrogen to increase LH/FSH –> cause ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

aromatase inhibitors

A

suppress estrogen to increase FSH –> cause ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gonadotropin

A

drugs act as LH, FSH, or hCG –> cause ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pregnancy category: A

A

no risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pregnancy category: B

A

animal studies have not demonstrated fetal risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pregnancy category: C

A

animal studies have shown harm - no well-controlled studies in pregnant women
-benefit outweighs risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pregnancy category: D

A

positive evidence of risk to the human fetus - benefits may outweigh the risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Teratogen: Acne

A

isotetinoin, topical retinoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Teratogen: antibiotics

A

quinolones, tetracyclines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Teratogen: anticoagulants

A

warfarin

22
Q

Teratogen: dyslipidemia, HF and HTN

A

statins, RAAS inhibitors

23
Q

Teratogen: hormones

A

all, raloxifene, duavee, testosterone, contraceptives

24
Q

Teratogen: Migraine

A

dihydroergotamine, ergotamine

25
Q

Teratogen: other

A

hydroxyurea, lithium, methotrexate, misoprostol, NSAIDs, paroxetine, ribavarin, thalidomide, topiramate, weightloss drugs, valproic/divaloprex

26
Q

medications that increase the risk of osteoprosis

A

anticonvulsants, aromatase inhibitors, depo-medroxyprogesterone, GnRH agonists, lithium, PPIs, steroids (>5 mg daily of prednisone or prednisone equivalent), thyroid hormones, others (loop diuretics, SSRIs, TZDs)

27
Q

Diagnosising osteoprosis

A

-DEXA scan for T-Score
-women > 65 years and men > 70 years
-Normal: > -1
-Osteopenia (low bone mass): -1 to 2.4
-Osteoporosis: < -2.5

28
Q

Calcium and Vitamin D

A

-Calcium: recommended daily intake 1-1.2 g (do not exceed 500-600 mg of elemental calcium per dose)
-vitamin D: required for calcium absorption -serum vitamin D < 30; treat with cholecalciferol daily or weekly

29
Q

Bisphosphonates: Alendronate (Fosamax - inj Bonvia), Risedronate (Actonel), Ibrandronate (Boniva), Zoledronic Acid (Reclast)

A

-first line for treatment or prevention in most patients
-PO admin: must stay upright for 30 min (60 min for ibrandronate) and drink 6-8 oz of water
-side effects: esophagitis, hypocalcemia, GI effects
-Rare: atypical femur fractures, osteonecrosis of the jaw
-PO: weekly or IV: quarterly/yearly
-Tx for 3-5 years in patients with a low risk of fracture
-reduce the risk of vertebral and hip fracture (except ibandronate reduces vertebral fractures)

30
Q

Denosumab (Prolia - RANKL)

A

-alternative to bisphosphonates
-SC admin every 6 months
-hypocalemia

31
Q

Teriparatide (Forteo), Abaloprartide (Tymlos

A

-recommended for very high risk patients only
-SC admin only
-hypercalcemia

32
Q

Raloxifene (Evista - SERM), Bazedoxifene/estrogens (Duavee)

A

-alternative to bisphosphonates if high risk of vertebral fractures
-increased risk for VTE and stroke
-raloxifene can be used if low VTE risk or high breast cancer risk (side effects: vasomotor symptoms)
-bazedoxifene/estrogens: can be used in women with intact uterus for prevention of osteoporosis (also used for vasomotor symptoms, increased risk of breast cancer)
-last line/not recommended: estrogen for prevention only in post menopausal women with vasomotor symptoms; calcitonin for treatment only if there are no other options)

33
Q

Hormone therapy for menopause

A

Estrogen:
-most effective tx for vasomotor symptoms
-women with a uterus: use in combination with a form of progesterone. Unopposed estrogen increases the risk of endometrial cancer
-associated with significant safety risks; including boxed warnings for VTE stroke, dementia, and BC
Progestin:
-can be given as a part of combination pill or as a separate tablet (medroxyprogesterone)
-can cause mood disturbances
-micronized progestin are considered to be safer than synthetic progestin

34
Q

Criteria for use of hormone therapy

A

-healthy, symptomatic women who are within 10 years of menopause, < 60 YOA and have no contraindications to use
-extending tx beyond age 60 years may be acceptable if the lowest possible dose is used and the woman is advised of safety risks
-consider QOL priorities and personal risk factors

35
Q

Local hormone therapies

A

-17 Beta Estradiol (Estrace, Estring, Vagifen)
-Conjugated Equine Estrogens (Premarin)

36
Q

Systemic Hormone Therapies

A

-Estradiol (alora, Climara, Vivelle-Dot; patches)
-17-beta-Estradiol
-Conjugated Equine Estrogens (Premarin)
-Conjugated Equine Estrogens and medroxyprogesterone
-Medroxyprogesterone (Provera)
-Micronized Progesterone (Prometrium)

*endometrial cancer (if used in women with a uterus), dementia, increased risk of VTE and stroke, breast cancer
*CI: BC, uterine bleeding, VTE, pregnancy

37
Q

SSRI

A

-paroxetine (paxil) - do not use with warfarin (increases bleeding risk) or tamoxifen (decreases tamoxifen efficacy)

38
Q

Drugs that cause erectile/sexual dysfunction

A

-alcohol
-antidepressants: SSRIs, SNRIs (including decreased libido)
-antihypertensives: BB, clonidine, thiazides
-antipsychotics: first gen (chlorpromazine) & risperidone, paliperidone
-BPH medications: finasteride, dutasteride, silodosin

39
Q

Natural products for ED

A

yohimbe, L-arginine and panax ginseng

40
Q

PDE-5

A

Sildenafil (viagra)
Tadalafil (Cialis)
-impaired color discrimination, hearing loss, vision loss, hypotension, priapism, headache/flushing/dizziness/dyspepsia

41
Q

PDE-5 inhibitor dosing

A

Typical dosing:
-50 mg viagra
-10 mg cialis

Reduce dose if:
-> 65 years
-using alpha blocker
-using CYP3A4 inhibitor
-severe renal or liver disease

Decrease starting dose:
-25 mg viagra
-5 mg cialis

42
Q

Drugs that worsen BPH

A

-centrally acting anticholinergics
-drugs with anticholinergic effects: antihistamine, decongestants, phenothiazines, TCAs
-caffiene
-Diuretics
-SNRIs
-Testosterone products

43
Q

natural product for BPH

A

Saw Palmetto

44
Q

Drug tx for BPH

A

-alpha-blockers alone or in combination with a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor

45
Q

5-alpha reductase inhibitor: Finasteride (Proscar)

A

-decrease prostate size
-should not be used in men without an enlarged prostate
-contraindicated in women of childbearing potential, pregnancy
-impotence, decreased libido, ejaculation disturbances, breast enlargement, and tenderness

46
Q

alpha-blockers:
-Non-selective: doxazosin (Cardura, Cardura XL), Terazosin
-Selective: tamsulosin (Flomax)

A

-first-line tx for moderate to severe symptoms
-inhibit alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, causing relaxation of smooth muscle
-reduces bladder outlet obstruction and improves urinary flow
-orthostatic hypotension/syncope, dizziness, fatigue, headache, abnormal ejaculation, intraoperative floppy iris syndrome
-Cardura leaves a ghost tablet

47
Q

Urge incontinence/mixed incontinence treatment

A

1st line: anticholinergics (oxybutynin) or beta-3 receptor antagonist (mirabegron)
2nd line: Botox (higher efficacy but not first line)
3rd line: nerve stimulation or surgical treatment

48
Q

Anticholinergics for incontinence

A

-Oxybutin IR, ER (Ditropan XL), patch (oxytol)
-Tolterodine (Detrol), Tolterodine ER (Detrol LA)
-Solifenancin (Vesicare)
-CI: uncontrolled narrow angle glaucoma
-agitation, confusions, drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision
-oxybutnin ER leaves ghost tablet

49
Q

anticholinergic side effects

A

-peripheral: dry mouth, dry eyes/blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, tachycardia
-central: sedation, dizziness, cognitive impairment

50
Q

combating dry mouth with anticholinergic

A

-ER formulation
-gel or patch formulation
-mirabegeron
-use ice chips, water, sugar free candy or gum

51
Q

desmopressin tablet (DDAVP)

A

helps with nocturia treatment

52
Q

Mirabegron (Myrbetriq)

A

-CrCl < 15 mL/min not reccomended
-urinary retention
-increased BP

NAPLEX STUDY (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions