Cell unit Flashcards

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1
Q

differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

A

prokaryotic cell
-nuclear membrane absent
-memebrane bound organelles absent
-70s ribosomes
- mesosomes/cell membrane responsible for respiratory enzymes
-haploid
-flagella made of flagellin and less complex
-histones are absent
-false( single, circular,double stranded naked,g-c rich) chromomes
-sap vacuoles absent but gas vacuole may be present
-cyclosis absent
- examples

eukaryotic cell
-nuclear membrane present
-membrane bound organelles present
-80/70s ribosomes
-mitochondria/cytoplasm resp. for respiratory enzymes
-haploid/diploid/polyploid
-flagella made of tubulin and more complex
-histones present
-true chromosomes
-sap vacuoles are present( large in plant,small in animals)
-cyclosis is present

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2
Q

define cyclosis

A

movement of cytoplasm for the intracellular transpport of materails

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3
Q

differentiate b/w plant and animal cell

A

plant cell doesnt have centrioles, except in lower organisms, have cellwall, plastid,cellwall
animal cell have centrioles, no plastic, no cell wall, no large sap vacuole

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4
Q

wrt to plant cell, define
(i) protoplasm

(ii)protoplast

(iii)nucleoplasm

(iv)deutoplasm

(v)trophoplasm

(vi)hyaloplasm

A

(i) it is the cytoplasm and nucleuoplasm w/o cell wall and cell membrane. It is the living part of the cell

(ii) It is the part of the cell without cell wall alone( cell membrane including)

(iii) nucleoplasm is the cytoplasm within nuclear membrane

(iv) These are dead strcutures required for storing addditional nutrional requirements. inclusion bodies

(v)living membraneous strucutres cell organelles

(v) cytosol/ fluid matrix of cytoplasm

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5
Q

describe tertiary cell wall

A

present only in tracheids of gymnosperm
- hemicellulose

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6
Q

describe plasmodesmata

A

it is actually the E.R of one cell that extends out like a tubule and connects the E.R of the next cell. This tubule of the E.R connnecting the two cells is called desmotubule.
The cytoplasm do not meet because it is blocked by some protein

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7
Q

give the % of lipid.protein,carbs in rbc cell membrane

A

lipid(main component): 40%
protein: 52%
carbs: 7

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8
Q

phospholipids are amphipathic molecules why

A

the head of the molecule is ionic, and hydrophilic
while the tail of the molecule is covalent and hydrophobic.
The overall hydrophilic,hydrophobic and hence amphipathic

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9
Q

where are porins found

A

mitochondria, chloroplast prokaryotes.

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10
Q

types of intrinsic proteins

A

-> transmembrane protein
-> tunnel protein
-> channel protein(helps in transport of substance, also called carrier proteins)
-> pump protein

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11
Q

what is the overall nature of cell membrane

A

hydrophobic

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12
Q

what are types of endocytosis

A

phagocytosis( eating
penocytosis(drinking

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13
Q

what are hopanoids

A

these are like cholestrol but in a prokaryotic cell. they provide stability to the cell membrane

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14
Q

what do cholestrols do

A

these are type of sterol. provide stability to the cell membrane.

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15
Q

what is spectrin proteins

A

provides mechanical support
attaches to intrinsic proteins

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16
Q

what is the meanign cytosolic and non cytosolic part of cell membrane

A

cytosolic: part of membrane towards cytoplasm

non-cytosolic: part of membrane not towards cytoplasm

17
Q

how does phospholipids provide fluiditiy

A

rich in unsaturated fatty acid which are liquid in
nature at room temperature

18
Q

how does phospholipids provide fluiditiy

A

rich in unsaturated fatty acid which are liquid in
nature at room temperature

19
Q

what are cisternae, tubules and vesicles

A

Long, flattened and
unbranched units
arranged in stacks

Irregular, often
branched tubes
bounded by membrane

Membrane bound
oval/ spherical sac