Biological membranes Flashcards

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1
Q

This type of protein passes all the way through the membrane. They are often channels or receptors

A

Transmembrane proteins

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2
Q

This type of protein is found only on the outside or inside of the membrane

A

Embedded

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3
Q

This type of protein is bound to the outer (peripheral) membrane through electrostatic interactions. It is most often attached to lipid rafts or transmembrane proteins

A

Peripheral

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4
Q

This type of junction allows for direct cell-to-cell communication. It’s formed from connexins, which create like pores that essentially act as channels between the two cells

A

Gap junctions (connexons)

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5
Q

This type of junction prevent solutes from leaking into the intercellular space. They act as a physical link and form a single layer of tissue that adhere tight enough that things cannot leak out of the cells. Examples include the blood/brain barrier

A

Tight junctions

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6
Q

These form when cells need to communicate with on another through proximity. Example include gap and tight

A

Cell-to-cell junctions

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7
Q

Phospholipids are found in ___ concentration within the membrane while sphingolipids are found in ___ concentration

A

High

Low

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8
Q

Phospholipids have an easier time moving ____ through the membrane than ____

A

Laterally

Vertically

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9
Q

Found on the membrane, these act as attachment points for other molecules. They may have peripheral proteins attached to them as well

A

Lipid rafts

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10
Q

This type of endocytosis involves fluids and dissolved particles

A

Pinocytosis

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11
Q

This type of endocytosis involves large solids like bacteria

A

Phagocytosis

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12
Q

A cell is ____ if water moves into the cell because the intracellular solute concentration is higher inside than outside

A

Hypotonic

(the cell swells to form an ‘O’ like hypOtonic)

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13
Q

A cell is ____ if water moves out of the cell because the intracellular solute concentration is higher outside than inside

A

Hypertonic (Cell shrivels)

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14
Q

A cell is ____ if [solute] is the same inside and out, so water moves back and forth freely

A

Isotonic

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15
Q

This is the type of pressure that has to be applied from the solution side to prevent an influx of water. Occurs between a solution and pure water that are connected by a semipermeable membrane

A

Osmotic pressure

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16
Q

This factor tells you the number of particles a compound dissolves into when it’s in solution

A

Van’t Hoff factor

17
Q

This type of diffusion involves particles moving across the membrane without the help of channels or carriers. These particles are normally small, and they also go down their concentration gradient

A

Simple diffusion

18
Q

This type of diffusion occurs when large or impermeable particles (like those that are very polar) are unable to cross the membrane by themselves. They must rely on channels or carriers, but don’t require energy to cross the membrane

A

Facilitated diffusion

19
Q

How do channels work to allow particles into and out of the cell?

A

They can be open or closed, but when they’re open, particles are simply allowed to pass through them and flow to the other side

20
Q

How do carriers work to allow particles into and out of the cell?

A

Carriers are only open from one side of the membrane at a time. When the particle binds, the carrier spins and releases the particle on the other side

21
Q

These type of channels allow the cell to maintain resting membrane potential

A

Leak channels, like Na+/K+ ATPase

22
Q

Na+/K+ ATPase maintains ___ [Na+] and ___ [K+] intracellularly

A

Low sodium

High potassium

23
Q

The _____ mitochondrial membrane is very permeable and has large pores while the ___ membrane has restricted permeability and cristae

A

Outer

Inner