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Anatomy 32 > Skeletal Joints > Flashcards

Skeletal Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Joints

A

point where two bones meet

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2
Q

What is Arthology the study of?

A

Study of joint structure, function, and dysfunction

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3
Q

What is the study of biomechanics?

A

study of movements and mechanics of the body

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4
Q

What is Kinesiology the study of?

A

study of musculoskeletal movement

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5
Q

What is the functional classification of joints?

A

The amount of movement allowed at the joint itself

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6
Q

Classifcation of Joints

Synarthroses Joints

A

Fibrous immovable joints (ex. most fibrous joints)

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7
Q

Amphiarthroses Joints

A

Slightly moveable joints
(Ex. public symphysis)

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8
Q

Diarthroses Joints

A

Freely moving joints
(Ball and socket joints)

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9
Q

What are Fibrous joints and name the 3 types

A

Fibrous joints are collagen fibers that bind adjacent bones (little to no movement)

Sutures
Gomphoses
Syndesmoses

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10
Q

What joints are sutures?

A

Immoblie or slightly movable joints of skulls

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11
Q

Fibrous Joints

3 Classifications of Suture joints

A
  • Serrate: interlocked
  • Lap: overlapped
  • Plane: straight, nonoverlapped
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12
Q

Fibrous Joints

Gomphoses joints

A
  • Tooth to socket joint
  • Held in place by ligament
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13
Q

Fibrous Joints

Syndesmoses joints

A

Long collagen fibers binding two bones
(Ex. Ulna-radius and tibia-fibula)

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14
Q

Fibrous Joints

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Amphiarthrosis or amphiarthrodial joints

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15
Q

Bony joints aka Synostosis Joints

A

Two bones fused into one bone by osseous tissue
(ex. frontal bones and mandible)

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16
Q

What are Synovial Joints?

A

Diarthrosis or diathrodial joints

Varied mobility: freely movable to limited mobility

Most structurally complex and most likely to develop dysfunctions

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17
Q

General Anatomy of Synovial Joints

General Anatomy of Synovial Joints

A
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18
Q

General Anatomy of Synovial Joints

Articular Cartilage

A
  • covers faces of bones
  • made up of hyaline cartilage
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19
Q

General Anatomy of Synovial Joints

Joint Capsule

A
  • Encloses joint cavity with narrow fluid-filled space
  • Outer fibrous capsule
  • Has inner-synovial membrane (produces synovial fluid)
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20
Q

General Anatomy of Synovial Joints

Bursa

A
  • sac of synovial fluid
  • between adjacent muscles, bone, and skin, or tendons passing over bone
  • cushions muscles and helps tendons slide over joints

Tendon shealth - elongated bursa

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21
Q

General Anatomy of Synovial Joints

Meniscus

A

C-shaped pad of cartilage in the knee that acts as a shock absorber

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22
Q

Classes of Synovial Joints

Ball and Socket Joint

A

Multiaxial joint

Head of the bone is a ball and attaches to a “cup-like” joint socket of another bone
(ex. shoulder)

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23
Q

Classes of Synovial Joints

Plane (glinding)

A

Biaxial joint
Between flat surfaces or surfaces that are only slightly concave and convex
(ex. Intercarpals and intertarsals)

24
Q

Classes of Synovial Joints

Condylar

A

Biaxial joint
Oval convex that fits into a complementary shaped depression

(Ex. wrist joints and metacarpophalangeal joints)

25
Q

Classes of Synovial Joints

Saddle

A

Biaxial

modifed condylar, articulated by two surfaces that are both saddle shaped

Joints that are concave in one direction and convex in the other
(ex. metacarpal joint of the thumb)

26
Q

Classes of Synovial Joints

Hinge

A

Monoaxial joint

Rounded processes of one bone that fits into a concave surface into another bone, giving monoaxial movement
(ex. humerus attaching to the ulna or the knee joint)

27
Q

Classes of Synovial Joints

Pivot

A

Monoaxial joint

Rounded surface on one bone that articulates with a depression in another bone (permits rotation)

(ex. radius joint of the antebrachial)

28
Q

Name the six types of Synovial Joints

A
29
Q

Movements

Flexion and extension

A

Felxion Decreases joint angle

Extension straightens joint angle

30
Q

Movements

Abduction and Adduction

A

Abduction is movement away from the midline
Adduction is movement towards the midline

31
Q

Movements

Elevation and Depression

A

Elevation is raising a body part
Depression is lowering a body part

32
Q

Movements

Protraction and Retraction

A

Protraction is anterior movement
Retraction is posterior movement

33
Q

Movements

Circumduction

A

distal end of limb makes circle while proximal end is stationary

34
Q

Movements

External and Medial Rotations

A

External Rotations: anterior surface spins away from the midline
Medial Rotations: anterior surface spins towards midline

35
Q

Movements

Supination

A

Palms face anteriorly
Radius and Ulna become parallel

36
Q

Movements

Pronation

A

Palms face posteriorly
Radius crosses the ulna

37
Q

Movements

What are the 3 movements of the trunk?

A
  • Flexion
  • Hyperextension
  • Lateral Flexion
38
Q

Movements

What are the 4 movements of the mandible?

A
  • Protraction
  • Retraction
  • Lateral Excursion
  • Medial Excursion
39
Q

Movements

What is hyperextension?

A

Joints that are extented beyond zero position

40
Q

Movements

Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion

A

Dorsiflexion: foot elevates at ankle
Plantar flexion: foot points down at ankle

41
Q

Movements

Inversion
Eversion

A

Inversion: soles face medially
Eversion: soles face laterally

42
Q

Movements

What are the 6 movements of the hand and wrist?

A
  • Radial flexion
  • Ulnar flexion
  • Abduction of fingers

Thumb movements:
- Palmar abduction of thumb
- Opposition of thumb
- Reposition of thumb (back to zero position)

43
Q

What are the factors that determine ROM

A
  • Structure of articular surfaces
  • Strength and tautness of ligaments and joint capsules
  • Actions of muscles and tendons
44
Q

What is the Temporomandiular Joint?

A

Condyle of the mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa of temporal bone

There are 3 ligaments and an articular disk (meniscus)

45
Q

What is the shoulder joint called?

What are the 3 ligaments that support the joint?

A

Glenohumeral joint

3 ligaments:
- Transverse humeral ligament
- Glenohumeral ligament
- Coracohumeral ligament

46
Q

Anatomy of the Glenohumeral joint

A

Formed by the head of the humerus and the scapular glenoid cavity

Glenoid labrum: ring of fibrocartilage

47
Q

What are the 2 articulation of the elbow joint?

A

Humeroulnar and humeroradial articulation

48
Q

Features of the Elbow joint

A

Functions as a hinge
Stablized by radial collateral and ulnar collateral joints (restrict side to side movement)

49
Q

What is the coxal joint?

A

The hip joint
Ball and socket joint

Formed by the femur head and the acetabulum of the os coxae

50
Q

Features of the Coxal Joint

A

Acetabular labrum: fibrocartilage that deepens socket

Transverse Acetabular ligament: bridges the gap in between the inferior margin and the acetabular labrum

4 ligaments:
- lliofemoral: ligament attaching the ilium and femur
- Pubofemoral: attaches pubic bone to femur
- Ischiofemoral
- Round ligament

51
Q

What is the tibiofemoral joint?

A

The knee joint
functions as a hinge

52
Q

Features of the Tibiofemoral Joint

A

Has lateral and medial menisci for padding

Formed by 3 joints

Ligaments:
- Fibular collateral and tibial collateral
- Anterior cruciate and posterior cruciate

53
Q

What is the Talocrural Joint?

A

The Ankle Joint

54
Q

What is the function of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament? (PCL)

A

To prevent the tibia from being displaced backward

55
Q

What is the function of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament? (ACL)

A

Prevents the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur and provides rotational stability to the knee

Anatomy 32 (20 decks)

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