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Anatomy 32 > Axial Musculature System > Flashcards

Axial Musculature System Flashcards

1
Q

Connective Tissues of a Muscle

What are the 4 layers of CT from deep to superficial?

A

Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium
Fascia(e)

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2
Q

Connective Tissues of a Muscle

Endomysium

A

thin layer of areolar CT that surrounds each individual muscle fiber

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3
Q

Connective Tissues of a Muscle

Perimysium

A

wraps muscle fibers together in a bundle called fascicles

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4
Q

Connective Tissues of a Muscle

Epimysium

A

Surrounds the entire muscle as a tendon, connects muscle to bone

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5
Q

Connective Tissues of a Muscle

Fascia(e)

A

CT that separates neighboring muscles (wraps muscle group)

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6
Q

Muscle Shapes

Fusiform Muscles

A

Think in the middle, tapered at ends
(Ex. biceps brachii)

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7
Q

Muscle Shapes

Parallel Muscles

A

Uniform width, fascicles aligned
(ex. Rectus Abdominis)

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8
Q

Muscle Shapes

Triangular Muscles

A

Broad at one end, narrow at the other
(ex. Pectoralis Major)

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9
Q

Muscle Shapes

Unipennate Muscles

A

Muscles whose fibres attach to one side of the tendon
(Ex. Palmar Interosseous)

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10
Q

Muscle Shapes

Bipennate Muscles

A

Feather shaped muscles
(ex. Rectus Femoris)

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11
Q

Muscle Shapes

Multipennate Muscles

A

Central tendon branches into multiple rows of muscle fibers
(ex. Deltoid)

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12
Q

Muscle Shapes

Circular Muscles

A

Form rings around body openings
(ex. Orbicularis Oculi)

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13
Q

Intermuscular Septa

A

border that separates compartments spaces that are enclosed by fasciae

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14
Q

What is found in each musclar compartment?

A

One or more functionally related muscles

Nerves and blood vessels

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15
Q

Upper limbs muscle compartments

A

Anterior and posterior compartments

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16
Q

Lower limbs muscle compartments

A

Anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral compartments

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17
Q

Directly (fleshly) Attachment

A

Close muscle association to bone due to collagen fibers
(muscles seem to attach directly to bone)

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18
Q

Indirect Attachment

A

Tendon attaches muscle to bone

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19
Q

Aponeurosis

A

muscle is connected to bone using a broad sheet like tendon

20
Q

Intristic Muscles

A

Origin and insertion muscles contained within a certain region
(ex. muscles within hand or foot region)

21
Q

Extrinsic Muscles

A

Muscles that originate elsewhere but acts in another specific region
(ex. flexion of the digits require muscles in the forearm)

22
Q

Coordinated Groups of Muscles

Action

A

Effect produced by a muscle

Produce or prevent movement

23
Q

Coordinated Groups of Muscles

Prime Mover (agonist)

A

Muscles that produces main force of action
(ex. brachialis is the prime mover during elbow flexion)

24
Q

Coordinated Groups of Muscles

Synergist

A

Muscles that aids prime mover in any way
(ex. directly assisting or stabilizing joints for more coordinated movement)

25
Q

Coordinated Groups of Muscles

Antagonist

A

Muscle that opposes prime mover

Anatagistic Pair: muscles that act on opposite sides of joints

26
Q

Coordinated Groups of Muscles

Fixator

A

Muscles that prevents bone movement during muscle actions
(Ex. Arm abduction movement will abnormally pop scapula out laterally unless for fixators)

27
Q

Label the lever (wood), fulcum, effort, and resistance in regards to the body

A

Lever – bone.
Fulcrum – joint.
Effort – from muscle.
Resistance (load) – object moved.

28
Q

What is the formula for Mechanical Advantage?

A

Length of effort arm/Length of Resistance Arm

LoEA/LoRA

29
Q

What occurs when the Mechanical Advantage is both greater than or lesser than 1?

A

Greater than 1 MA = high power, low speed

Lesser than 1 MA = low power, high speed

30
Q

Describe the First Class Lever

A

Effort Fulcrum Resistance (EFR)

Fulcrum is in the middle
Example is a seasaw or extending neck

31
Q

Describe the Second Class Lever

A

Effort Resistance Fulcrum (ERF)

Resistance is in the middle
Ex. Lifting a wheelbarrow

32
Q

Describe the Third Class Lever

A

Resistance Effort Fulcrum (REF)

Effort in the middle
Ex. flexing elbow
(most common lever in the body)

33
Q

How are muscles named?

A
  • Size
  • Shape
  • Location
  • # of heads
  • Direction of fibers
  • Action
34
Q

Muscles of the Face

Frontalis

A

Elevates eyebrows

35
Q

Muscles of the Face

Orbicularis Oculi

A

Closes eyes

36
Q

Muscles of the Face

Orbicularis Oris

A

Closes lips

37
Q

Muscles of the Face

Zygomatius Major/Minor

A

Raises the corner of mouth for smiling
(smiling muscles)

38
Q

Muscles of the Face

Temporalis and Masseter

A

Elevate mandible and move it laterally

39
Q

Neck Muscles

Digastric

A

Depresses Mandible

40
Q

Neck Muscles

Sternohyoid

A

Depresses Hyoid

41
Q

Neck Muscles

Sternothyroid

A

Depresses larynx

42
Q

Neck Muscles

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Unilaterally active: Rotates head side to side

Bilaterally active: Draws head foward

43
Q

Neck Muscles

Trapezius

A

Extends Neck

44
Q

Diaphragm

A

Prime mover of inspiration

45
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Flexes waist

46
Q

Transverse Abdominal

A

Compresses abdominal contents

47
Q

Erector Spinae

A

Straightens Spine

Anatomy 32 (20 decks)

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