Sensation and Perception

Question 1

detection of external stimuli and the transmission of this information to the brain

Answer 1

sensation

Question 2

processing, organizing, and interpreting sensory glands

Answer 2

perception

Question 3

attention directed involuntarily

Answer 3

automatic processing

Question 4

attention directed voluntarily and purposefully

Answer 4

controlled processing

Question 5

perception based on physical features of a stimuli, new information available within the stimulus

Answer 5

bottom up processing

Question 6

interpretation of sensory old information based on knowledge, expectations, and experiences

Answer 6

top down processing

Question 7

One form of energy/stimulus and turning it into a different energy/stimulus, turning it into a neural impulse where your brain can understand in a different way

	‣ Requires specialized cells in the sense organs called sensory receptors and transduction is receiving physical stimulation

sense goes through the thalamus

Answer 7

transduction

Question 8

‣ The minimum amount of stimulation to experience sensation

Answer 8

absolute threshold

Question 9

‣ The just noticeable difference, the smallest difference between stimuli you notice

Answer 9

difference threshold

Question 10

• Detection of threshold is subjective, requires judgement, and may be affected by response bias, connected with absolute threshold

Answer 10

signal detection theory

Question 11

• The difference threshold is proportional to the original stimulus, not a fixed amount of a difference , connected with difference threshold

Answer 11

webers law

Question 12

if a stimulus is presented continuously, the responses of the sensory system that detect it tend to diminish over time, decrease in sensitivity to constant stimulation

Answer 12

sensory adaption

Question 13

◦ Unusual combinations of sensations
◦ The inability to separate between one sense and another
- our senses are getting crossed
- both senses are stimulated

Answer 13

synesthesia

Question 14

cornea-pupil-iris-lens-retina

Answer 14

eye pathway

Question 15

where are rods and cones in? and which one contains more in eye

Answer 15

retina, and rods

Question 16

taking the light wave and generating the neural impulse that is sent to the brain

Answer 16

rods and cones

Question 17

retinal cells that respond to low levels of light and result in black and white perception

Answer 17

rods

Question 18

retinal cells that respond to higher levels of light and result in color perception

Answer 18

cones

Question 19

appears to be specialized for the perception and recognition of objects, WHAT an object is

Answer 19

ventral stream

Question 20

seems to specialized for spatial perception, WHERE an object is

Answer 20

dorsal stream

Question 21

what are the two processing streams

Answer 21

dorsal and ventral

Question 22

height

Answer 22

amplitude

Question 23

width

Answer 23

wavelength

Question 24

color vision results from activity in three different types of cones that are sensitive to different wavelengths

Answer 24

trichromatic theory

Question 25

different types of ganglion cells, working in opposing pairs, create the perception that R/G and B/Y are opposites

Answer 25

opponent-process theory

Question 26

consisting of the distinctive characteristics that place a particular color in the spectrum

Answer 26

hue

Question 27

the purity of the color

Answer 27

saturation

Question 28

the color’s perceived intensity

Answer 28

lightness

Question 29

what does the german world gestalt mean

Answer 29

organized whole

Question 30

we tend to group figures on how they resemble each other

Answer 30

similarity

Question 31

we group together edges or contours that have the same orientation

Answer 31

continuity

Question 32

tendency to complete figures that have gaps in them

Answer 32

closure

Question 33

we perceive contours as depth

Answer 33

illusory contours

Question 34

cues of depth perception that arise from the fact that people have two eyes

Answer 34

binocular depth cues

Question 35

cues of depth perception that are available to each eye alone

Answer 35

monocular depth cues

Question 36

first described by the psychologists Mario Ponzo, is another classic example of a size/distance illusion
◦ This illusion shows how much we rely on depth perception to gauge size; the brain uses depth cues even when depth is absent

Answer 36

the ponzo illusion

Question 37

we need to know how far away the object is from us

Answer 37

size constancy

Question 38

we need to know what angle or angles we are seeing the object from

Answer 38

shape constancy

Question 39

we need to compare the wavelengths of light reflected from the object with those reflected from its background

Answer 39

color constancy

Question 40

we need to know how much light is being reflected from the object and from its background

Answer 40

lightness constancy

Question 41

perception of balance

Answer 41

vestibular system

Question 42

A mechanism for encoding high-frequency of the sound wave is encoded by the location of the hair cells along the basilar membrane

Answer 42

place theory

Question 43

• A mechanisms for encoding low-frequency auditory stimuli in which the firing rates of cochlear hair cells match the frequency of the sound wave

Answer 43

frequency theory

Question 44

the sense of taste

Answer 44

gustation

Question 45

sense of smell

Answer 45

olfaction

Question 46

what sense does not go through the thalamus

Answer 46

the sense of smell!!!! it goes through the olfactory bulb

Question 47

‣ Chemicals released by animals, probably including humans, that trigger physiological or behavioral reactions in other animals an insects

Answer 47

phermones

Question 48

receptors of pain

Answer 48

fast and slow twitch fibers (haptic sense)

Question 49

register sharp, fast pain

Answer 49

fast fiber (with myleination)

Question 50

register dull, chronic pain

Answer 50

slow fiber (without myleination)

Question 51

perception of the positions and movements of our bodies and our limbs

Answer 51

kinesthetic sense

Question 52

explains why some sensations are sent to the brain and interpreted as pain and why some are not, the spinal cord acts as a gate and allows pain signals to be carried by nerve fibers to the brain to be perceived

Answer 52

gate control theory