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Psychology > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

1
Q

a persons collection characteristic thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors

A

personality

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2
Q

behaviors and feelings that are consistent and long lasting

A

personality trait

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3
Q

what are personality psychologist most interested in understanding

A

whole persons

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4
Q

one of the founders of the field and gave a class ice definition of personality: The dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine the individuals characteristics behavior and thought

A

Allport

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5
Q

where does personality come from

A

a coherent whole or ORGANIZED WHOLE rather that understanding how situations influence people in general

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6
Q

dynamic in that is goal seeking, sensitive to particular context and adaptive to the persons environment

A

Organized Whole

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7
Q

mental nature of personality (psycho)
personality arises from basic biological processes (physical)

A

Allports two psychophysical ideas

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8
Q

how personality is developed
levels of consciousness
ruled by unconscious mind

A

Freud Iceberg Theory

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9
Q

Conscious Level
- executive mediating between ID impulses and superego inhibitions; testing reality; rational
operates mainly at conscious level but also pre conscious level

EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING; or moral compas
Balances the other two
how we should feel

A

EGO

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10
Q

Preconscious Level
ideas and morals; striving for perfection; incorporated from parents; becoming a persons conscious
operates mostly at preconscious level

RATIONALE GRATIFICATION
before our conscious reality principle

A

SUPEREGO

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11
Q

Unconscious Level
basic impulses (sex and aggression); seeking immediate gratification; irrational and impulsive
operates at unconscious level

PLEASURE PRINCIPLE; seeking immediate present gratification

A

ID

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12
Q

most theorist do not align with frued or use his classifications, believe much of our mental life and personality development is a result of the unconscious (schemas, priming, implicit memories, stereotypes and prejudice and we struggle with conflict)

A

post freud thoughts

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13
Q

approaches to studying personality that emphasize how people seek to fulfill their potential through greater self-understanding
* Sunshine and rainbows!

A

Humanistic Approaches

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14
Q

under humanistic theory
people seek to fulfill their potential for personal growth through greater self-understanding
* Top of the hierarchy of needs, developing a self concept

A

Self Actualization

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15
Q

Humanistic approach contrasted with whose theories

A

Freuds: they were very strict and direct

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16
Q

◦ Emphasized the importance of people’s subjective understandings of their lives
‣ Encouraged parents to raise their children with unconditional positive regard so that they might become fully functioning people

A

Rogers Person Centered Approach

17
Q

‣ Acceptance
‣ Genuineness
‣ Empathy
◦ Personality is influenced on how we understand ourselves and how others judge us
◦ Being positive despite the negative

A

Roger believed in growth-promoting social climates (AGE)

18
Q

an approach to studying personality that focuses how individuals differ in personality dispositions
‣ There are nearly 18,000 words in the dictionary that could be used as personality traits

A

Trait Approach

19
Q

goes from low to high, personality is developed by these 5 factors

A

Big 5 Factors

20
Q

Imaginative vs down to earth
likes variety vs likes routine
independent vs conforming

A

openness to experience

21
Q

worried vs calm
insecure vs secure
self pity vs self satisfied

A

neuroticism

22
Q

organized vs disorganized
careful vs careless
self disciplined vs weak willed

A

conscientiousness

23
Q

social vs retiring
fun loving vs sober
affectionate vs reserved

A

extroversion

24
Q

soft hearted vs ruthless
trusting vs suspicious
helpful vs uncooperative

A

agreeableness

25
Q
  • Identified 16 basic dimensions of personality
    ◦ These dimensions included: intelligence, sensitivity, dominance and self-reliance
    * He got them from Cattel (kind of )
A

Cattells Factor Analysis

26
Q
  • Personality comes from 4 dimensions, and from our biological processes
    ◦ Neurotic, Introversion, Extraversion, Emotionally Stable
    ‣ People who are extroverted have lower levels of arousal
    * To function optimally, they seek out exciting
    ‣ People who are introverted have higher levels of arousal
    * To function they seek out calm activities
A

Biological Trait Theory

27
Q

◦ Albert Bandura
‣ Behaviors and personality are impacted by our traits and our social context
‣ reciprocal determinism
Interpersonal factors, behavior, environmental factors

A

Social Cognitive Theories

28
Q

◦ Rotter’s expectancy-value approach:
Internal/external locus of control
* Locus of Control
◦ A personable belief about how much control we have over our lives
◦ Internal: our own control
◦ External: we cannot control, something else is controlling our life

A

Personality Reflects Learning and Cognition

29
Q

life history data; behavioral data; self-reports; and descriptions from peoples friends, relatives or both
‣ The way researchers choose to measure personality depends to a great extent on their own theoretical orientations (trait researchers vs. humanistic psychologists)

A

Assessment procedures include measures of unconscious processes

30
Q

person-centered approaches to studying personality; focus is on individual lives and how various characteristics are integrated into unique persons
* Researchers who use this often examine case studies of individuals through interviews or biographical information
* Considers a human life as a narrative or life story

A

Idiographic

31
Q

approaches to assessing personality that focus on how common characteristics vary from person to person
* Individuals are unique combinations of common traits
* The 5 factor theory looks at how all people vary on 5 basic personalities

A

Nomothetic

32
Q

personality test that examine tendencies to respond in a particular way by having people interpret ambiguous stimuli
* Procedures such as this are too imprecise for diagnostic purposes but when combined with other measures can help researchers and clinical psychologists get a fuller sense of a persons (rorscharch inkblot test)

A

Projective

33
Q

measuring only what the person reports, they make no pretense of uncovering hidden conflicts or secret information
* NEO personality inventory: designed to assess big 5 personality factors
* MMPI has 10 scales that measure psychological problems
* California Q-Sort: each participant is given 100 cars with statements printed on them, each person sorts them and according to how accurately the statements are it describes him or her

A

Self-Report Measures

34
Q

researchers have also developed a number of objective measures that assess how personality emerges in daily life
◦ Electronically activated record (EAR)
‣ Used to show that self reports on the big 5 predict real world behavior
* Extroverts talk more and spend time alone
* Agreeable people swear less often
* Conscientious people attend class more
* Neurotic people spend more time arguing
* People open to experience spend more time in restaurants, bars, and coffee shops

A

Behavioral Data

Psychology (7 decks)

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