Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > (Q4) Diseases of the Endocrine System (Ch.17) > Flashcards

(Q4) Diseases of the Endocrine System (Ch.17) Flashcards

1
Q

Giantism/ Gigantism

A
  • A form of giantism is caused by the over-secretion of somatotropin (growth hormone) from the anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis gland
  • Oversecretion of growth hormone during childhood causes giantism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dwarfism

A
  • A form of dwarfism is caused by the under-secretion/hyposecretion of somatotropin (growth hormone)
  • Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood causes dwarfism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acromegaly

A

A form of giantism is caused by the over-secretion/hypersecretionof somatotropin (growth hormone) during adulthood after the bones have ossified
- can be caused by an adenoma on the anterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Simmond’s Disease

A
  • Diminished anterior pituitary gland function caused by ischemic necrosis or a tumor
  • Accompanied by many abnormal hormonal occurrences
  • (Can cause extreme emaciation, premature aging, wrinkling of the facial skin, loss of pubic and axillary hair, dental caries and loss of libido etc)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A
  • A rare disorder that causes the body to make too much urine.
  • Caused by the failure of the posterior pituitary gland to secrete a proper amount of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone)
  • (Not associated with diabetes mellitus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vasopressin/Antidiuretic Hormone

A
  • Hormone made in the hypothalamus that decreases water excretion by the kidneys by increasing water reabsorption in the collecting ducts
  • Without vasopressin, excessive amounts of water are lost through the urinary system and can cause serious dehydration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A
  • Overproduction of the hormone thyroxine (from the thyroid gland)
  • Cause increased metabolism, weightloss, weakness, nervousness, profuse sweating etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Grave’s Disease/ Exoththalmia Goiter

A
  • A severe form of hyperthyroidism
  • Causes all the symptoms of hyperthyroidism along with bulging eyeballs due to edema of the tissues in the back of the eyesockets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hypothyroidism

A
  • Failure of the thyroid gland to produce sufficient thyroxine
  • Affects heart rate, body temperature, and all aspects of metabolism.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cretinism

A
  • Hypothyroidism that is congenital or occurs early in life
  • Causes abnormal mental and physical development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Myxedema

A
  • Hypothyroidism that occurs during adulthood
  • Causes slow metabolism, mental dullness, sluggishness, puffy skin due to mucous-like edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Goiter

A
  • Term that refers to an increase in the size of the thyroid gland
  • Simple goiter: occurs when the thyroid gland enlarges to overcome deficiencies in the production of thyroid hormone
  • 2 types of simple goiters: endemic, sporadic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Disorders of the Thyroid Associated with Goiters

A
  • Hypersecretion
  • Tumors
  • Inflammations
  • Iodine Deficiencies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A
  • Overproduction of the hormone parathormone (from the parathyroid)
  • Causes increased calcium levels because parathormone causes calcium to be drawn out of bones and into the bloodstream
  • Often occurs because of tumor formation
  • Causes softening and deformation of bones, formation of kidney stones, hardening of the arteries, heartbeat irregularities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A
  • Failure of the parathyroid gland to produce sufficient parathormone
  • Causes nerve cell irritability and overactivity: leads to abnormal, sustained muscle contractions (tetany)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tetany

A

A condition marked by intermittent muscular spasms, caused by malfunction of the parathyroid glands and a consequent deficiency of calcium.

17
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome

A
  • A form of hyperadrenalism
  • Overproduction of the glucocorticoid hormones (cortisol is one)
  • Causes increased sugar, lipids, and fats in the blood, a fatty hump between the shoulders, a rounded face (moon face), pink or purple stretch marks, high blood pressure, weakness, fatigue
18
Q

Addison’s Disease/ Hypocortisolism

A
  • A form of hypoadrenalism
  • Failure of the adrenal glands to produce hormones (including cortisol)
  • Causes brown or bronze skin discoloration, low blood pressure, digestive disturbances, dehydration, weakness
  • Usually an autoimmune disorder
19
Q

Waterhouse-Frederichsen Syndrome

A
  • A fulminating blood infection caused by meningococcus that affects the adrenal glands
  • WFS causes the adrenal glands to fail to produce proper levels of corticosteroids due to bleeding within the adrenal cortex
  • Causes severe adrenal hemorrhages, rapid circulatory failure, skin hemorrhages, death
20
Q

Diabetes Mellitus/ Sugar Diabetes

A
  • A disease of inadequate control of blood glucose levels
  • Caused by the failure of the pancreas to produce and secrete proper amounts of insulin
  • Causes hyperglycemia, glycosuria, polyuria, thirstiness, hunger, blurry vision, tiredness, acidosis, atherosclerosis etc.
  • Two types: Type 1, Type 2
21
Q

Hyperglycemia

A
  • Excess sugar in the blood
  • Uncontrolled hyperglycemia can lead to acidosis
  • Can be a complication of diabetes mellitus
22
Q

Glycosuria

A
  • Sugar in the urine
  • Can be a complication of diabetes mellitus
23
Q

Polyuria

A
  • Passage of excess quantities of urine
  • Can be a complication of diabetes mellitus
24
Q

Acidosis

A
  • A serious diabetes complication where the body produces excess blood acids (ketones).
  • Occurs when there isn’t enough insulin in the body
  • (when the body is deprived of glucose, it metabolizes fats and proteins. The breakdown of fats and proteins causes a buildup of fatty acids in the blood which dramatically lowers blood pH to acidic)
25
Q

Atherosclerosis

A
  • Thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque in the inner lining of an artery.
  • Can be a complication of diabetes mellitus
  • Atherosclerosis can cause myocardial infarctions (heart attacks), gangrene, blindness
26
Q

Embalming Considerations for Diseases of the Endocrine System

A
  • Circulation problems
  • Careful control of injection pressure and rate of flow
  • May need to use multiple injection sites
  • Treatment of gangrene
  • Edema
  • Discolorations
  • Possible deformities
27
Q

Pancreatic Cancer

A
  • Called the silent disease because of few early cancer signs
28
Q

Endemic/Colloid Goiter

A

Goiters formed as a result of a lack of iodine in the diet

29
Q

Sporadic Goiter/ Non-Toxic Goiter

A

Goiters formed as a result of an unknown cause, but may result from the use of certain medications like lithium and aminoglutethimide

Pathology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions