Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GR > 3. Peripheral Vascular Disease > Flashcards

3. Peripheral Vascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

This system is mainly for transportation of O2, nutrients, & proteins

A

Peripheral vascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 systems included in the peripheral vascualr system

A

arterial system

venous system

lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The framework of the peripheral vascular system

A

Blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Layers of the blood vessel

A
  1. Tunica intima/ tunica interna
    2.Tunica Media
  2. Tunica Adventitia/tunica externa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

This is the innermost layer of the blood vessel

A

Tunica intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Layers of the tunica intima

A

Connective tissue
Basement membrane
endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Thi sis the only layer present in all blood vessel

A

endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This is the middle layer of the blood vessel

A

Tunica media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

this is composed of a smooth muscle

A

tunica media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The bulk of the tunica media is seen in what structure?

A

artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Can the artery contract? what kind of muscle is it?

A

yes, the artery is a smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This is the outermost layer of the blood vessel

A

Tunica adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This is composed of an elastic and a collagenous fiber

A

Tunica adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The bulk of the tunica adventitia is seen in what structure?

A

tunica adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood

A

Artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This blood vessel is a muscular, elastic, & tubular extension of the heart

A

Artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

characteristic of arteries proximal & distal to the heart

A

Proximal: increase in pressure, elastic

Distal: decrease in pressure, muscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

blood vessels that are very thin in nature so the O2 can easily pass through

A

Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This is also known as the exchange vessel

A

Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood

A

Veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Blood vessels with valves

A

Veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How many percent of blood do the veins carry?

A

60-64%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

another term for veins

A

Capacitance vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

3 types of veins

A
  1. superficial vein
  2. perforating vein/ communicating vein
  3. deep vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

This vein is found underneath the skin

A

superficial vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

2 great superficial vein in the lower extremity

A
  1. Greater saphenous vein
  2. Lesser saphenous vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where does the greater saphenous vein run?

A

on the medial aspect of the leg & thigh to join the femoral vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where does the Lesser saphenous vein run?

A

On the lateral malleolus to the posterior leg to join the popliteal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

this vein connect the superficial vein to the deep vein

A

perforating vein/ communicating vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

This type of vein is a large vein that already follows the structure of an artery

A

deep vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

This vessel carries fluids back to the bloodstream

A

Lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The lymphatics can be found everywhere inside the body except:

A

CNS & cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Where are lymph nodes found?

A

Cervical area, axillary area, inguinal area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What cells are found in the lymph nodes?

A

macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

This is the inflammation and occlusion affecting medium to large arteries

A

Atherosclerosis Obliterans (ASO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What size arteries are affected in Atherosclerosis Obliterans (ASO)

A

medium to large arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

early stage signs & symptoms of Atherosclerosis Obliterans (ASO)

A

(+) intermittent claudication

38
Q

late stage signs & symptoms of Atherosclerosis Obliterans (ASO)

A

(+) gangrene

39
Q

in a non-DM pt, the most affected artery in Atherosclerosis Obliterans (ASO) are:

A

abdominal aorta
common iliac artery
femoral artery

40
Q

in a DM pt, the most affected artery in Atherosclerosis Obliterans (ASO) are:

A

Femoral artery
tibial artery

41
Q

Most common artery affected in Atherosclerosis Obliterans (ASO)

A

Femoral artery

42
Q

This is an inflammation & occlusion affect the small arteries

A

Thromboangiitis Obliterans (TAO)

43
Q

other term for Thromboangiitis Obliterans (TAO)

A

buerger’s disease

44
Q

Thromboangiitis Obliterans starts in what segment?

A

distal to the proximal segment (ascending pattern)

45
Q

This an abnormal vasoconstriction reflex affecting the small arteries

A

Raynaud’s phenomenon

46
Q

precipitating factors of Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

exposure to cold & emotional stress

47
Q

the cyclic color pattern of Raynaud’s phenomenon, what sign is present?

A

pallor
cyanosis
rubor

French flag sign

48
Q

What to do when a patient with Raynaud’s phenomenon experiences pallor?

A

place the hands in a warm body cavity area (ex, armpits/sit on the chair/rub pt’s hand with towel)

49
Q

This is a distention, swollen, superficial vein

A

Varicosities

50
Q

Affected structures in varicosities, what is the cause?

A

valves, increase pressure in the lower ex

51
Q

Causes of varicosities

A

prolonged standing
obesity
pregnancy
cross legs

52
Q

Sx/s of varicosities

A

Aching, heavy leg with appearance of spider vein

53
Q

this is an inflammation & occlusion affecting superficial veins

A

Superficial Vein thrombosis (SVT)

54
Q

vein affected in Superficial Vein thrombosis (SVT)

A

saphenous vein

55
Q

This is the most serious complication of varicosities

A

Superficial Vein thrombosis (SVT)

56
Q

what and where where is the sx/s of Superficial Vein thrombosis (SVT) felt?

A

pain along the course of the saphenous vein

57
Q

This is an inflammation & occlusion affecting the deep vein

A

Deep Vein thrombosis (DVT)

58
Q

Triad in Deep Vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

Virchow’s triad

Hypercoagulability
Intimal wall damage
Venous stasis

59
Q

special test in Deep Vein thrombosis (DVT), how is it performed?

A

(+) homan’s test,
squeeze the calf then passive Dorsiflex ,pain is indicative of (+) results

60
Q

medicine for Deep Vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

anticoagulants

heparin (given through IV)
warfarin (oral medication)

61
Q

What to do when a patient takes anticoagulants?

A

immobilize the affected LE

62
Q

What is the most serious complication of Deep Vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

Pulmonary embolism

63
Q

what is the best prevention for Deep Vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

early mobilization

64
Q

This is an increased pressure in the deep veins

A

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)

65
Q

this is the most common form of venous diseases

A

Chronic venous insufficiency

66
Q

stages of Chronic venous insufficiency

what is found in stage 1

A

edema + pigmentation

67
Q

stages of Chronic venous insufficiency

what is found in stage 2

A

edema + pigmentation +varicosities + dermatitis

68
Q

stages of Chronic venous insufficiency

what is found in stage 3

A

ulceration

69
Q

this is the most common manifestation of CVI

A

ulceration

70
Q

this is an enlargement of the lymph nodes with or without tenderness

A

Lymphadenopathy

71
Q

this is an excessive accumulation of fluids in the tissue

A

Lymphedema

72
Q

2 types of Lymphedema

A
  1. Primary Lymphedema
  2. Secondary Lymphedema
73
Q

this lymphedema is genetic

A

primary lymphedema

74
Q

this is a congenital edema after birth

A

Milroy’s disease

75
Q

this is a congenital edema after birth

A
76
Q

this is a primary edema present in < 35y/o

A

Praecox

77
Q

this is a primary edema present >35y/o

A

Tarda

78
Q

what is the genetic risk for primary edema

A

<25%

79
Q

this is the best initial exercise for primary edema, can it be applied in all types of primary lymphedema?

A

brisk walking

this cannot be applied for Milroy’s disease

80
Q

Causes of secondary lymphedema

A

infection
surgery
malignancy
tumor

81
Q

Arterial insufficiency vs Venous Insufficiency

pulse

A

AI: decreased or absent
VI: normal

82
Q

Arterial insufficiency vs Venous Insufficiency

temperature

A

AI: cold
VI: normal/warm

83
Q

Arterial insufficiency vs Venous Insufficiency

ulceration location

A

AI: lateral malleolus, anterior tibia
VI: medial malleolus, medial leg & thigh

84
Q

Arterial insufficiency vs Venous Insufficiency

pain

A

AI: painful (pain on elevation, dusky red on dependency)

VI: painless (pain relieved upon leg elevation)

85
Q

Arterial insufficiency vs Venous Insufficiency

positive sx/s

A

AI: (+) gangrene; (+) rest pain
VI: (+) edema, (+) dermatitis, (+) pigmentation

86
Q

how is claudication time done?

A

measure the time/distance where the pain is felt using a treadmill

this is where the duration of ambulation exercises is based. Exercise to the point of pain but not beyond the pain

87
Q

Special test for arterial insufficiency

A

claudication time

88
Q

Special test for lymphedema, how is it performed what indicates a positive test

A

stemmer’s test

pinch the skin at the base of the 2nd toe

(+) lift of skin= (-) edema= (-)Stemmer’s test

89
Q

Special test for arterial insufficiency, how is it performed?

A

Ankle brachial index (ABI)

LE:
doppler US pointed to the dorsalis pedis pulse/ posterior tibial pulse

BP cuff is wrapped in the calf area

UE:
doppler US pointed to the brachial pulse/radial pulse

BP cuff is wrapped in the brachium

Results: LE BP/UE BP

90
Q

How to interpret results for Ankle brachial index (ABI)

A

> 1.20 falsely elevated: DM
1.19-0.95: Normal
0.94-0.75: mild arterial disease; (+) intermittent claudication
0.74-0.50: moderate arterial diseases; (+) rest pain
<0.50: severe arterial disease

91
Q

Ulceration on the sole of the foot is seen in what condition?

A

diabetic ulceration

GR (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions