14. Back & Spine Condiitons

Question 1

most common cervical sprain & strain

Answer 1

whiplash injury

Question 2

s/sx of whiplash

Answer 2

neck pain A-P
tenderness A-P
LOM
headache & lightheadedness
(-) neurologic findings

Question 3

special tests performed for whiplash

Answer 3

(-) Spurling’s
(-)Lhermite’s

Question 4

Most affected structure in whiplash injury

Answer 4

Ant longitudinal ligament

Question 5

this is the OA of the spine

Answer 5

spondylosis

Question 6

this is the most mobile among cervical joints, thus this is the most affected cervical vertebra in spondylosis

Answer 6

C5-C6

Question 7

s/sx of spondylosis

Answer 7

neck pain P
tenderness P
LOM
headache
(+) neurologic findings

Question 8

special tests performed for spondylosis

Answer 8

(+) Spurling’s
(+) Lhermite’s

Question 9

this refers to defects/ fracture of the pars interarticularis & can result in ____

Answer 9

Spondylolysis; spondylolisthesis

Question 10

this refers to the ant slippage or forward displacement of the superior vertebra body over the inferior vertebra body

Answer 10

spondylolisthesis

Question 11

this refers to the post slippage of the superior vertebra body over the inferior vertebra body

Answer 11

retrolisthesis

Question 12

condition with Scotty dog with collar in an oblique xray

Answer 12

spondylolysis

XRAY-FOLS
fracture- oblique
Lateral- slippage

Question 13

condition with Scotty dog decapitated in an oblique xray

Answer 13

spondyllolysthesis

Question 14

most common site spondylolisthesis

Answer 14

L5-S1

Question 15

Grading of spondylolisthesis

Answer 15

Grade 1- 1-25%
Grade 2- 26-50%
Grade 3- 51-75%
Grade 4-76-100%
Grade 5- >100% (complete displacement known as spondyloptosis)

Question 16

Classifications of Spondylolisthesis (DID TraP)

Answer 16

Dysplastic
Isthmic
Degenerative
Traumatic
Pathologic

Question 17

Classifications of Spondylolisthesis with congenital abnormality of pars interarticularis

Answer 17

displastic

Question 18

Most common classifications of Spondylolisthesis with the lack of normal continuity of the isthmus(narrowest part of neural arch)

Answer 18

Isthmic

Question 19

classifications of Spondylolisthesis with degeneration of pars interarticularis

Answer 19

degenerative

Question 20

classifications of Spondylolisthesis with fracture other than isthmus/ pars interarticularis

Answer 20

traumatic

Question 21

classifications of Spondylolisthesis with bony lesions

Answer 21

pathologic

Question 22

Ideal positioning of pt with spondylolisthesis

Answer 22

spinal flexion

Question 23

this refers to the narrowing of the spinal canal;

Answer 23

spinal stenosis

Question 24

ave diameter of spinal canal & spinal cord

Answer 24

spinal canal= 17mm
spinal cord= 10mm

Question 25

Causes of spinal stenosis

Answer 25

FoLDS
Facet jt hypertrophy
Ligamentum hypertrophy
Disc protrusion
Spur formation

Question 26

ideal positioning for spinal stenosis

Answer 26

spinal flex

Question 27

condition with fusion of the spine

Answer 27

Akylosing spondylitis
AKA Von Beckterev or Marie stumpell

Question 28

Akylosing spondylitis presents with ___

Answer 28

(+) bamboo spine

Question 29

special test for Akylosing spondylitis

Answer 29

(+) Schober’s test
measure C7-T12
>5cm= Normal
<5cm=AS
>30cm= hypermobility

Question 30

ideal positioning for Akylosing spondylitis

Answer 30

spinal extension

Question 31

best exercise for Akylosing spondylitis

Answer 31

swimming because this will promote spine extension

Question 32

a condition where there is painful swelling of the consto-chondral junction

Answer 32

tzietze’s or costal chondritis

Question 33

condition with painful coccyx or the lower part of sacrum

Answer 33

coccygodynia

Question 34

refers to tthe incomplete closure of the posterior neuropore

Answer 34

spina bifida

Question 35

2 type sof spina bifida

Answer 35

spina bifida occulta
spina bifida cystica

Question 36

spina bifida with tuff of hiar at the lumbar spine

Answer 36

spina bifida occulta

Question 37

type of spina bifida cystica with cyst containing meninges & csf

Answer 37

meningocele

Question 38

type of spina bifida cystica with cyst containing meninges, csf, & spinal cord

Answer 38

myelomeningocele

Question 39

4 types of herniation

Answer 39

BuPES
Bulging
prolapsed
extrusion
sequestration

Question 40

innervated structures of spine

Answer 40

Z jt/ facet jts
jt capsule
outer 3rd of annulus
ALL,PLL, interspinous ligament
erector spinae, multifidus
periosteum of the vertebral bone

Question 41

Types of osteoporosis

Answer 41

Primary:
Type 1 (post menopausal)
Type 2 (senile)

Secondary;
Type 3

Question 42

what should be the Ca intake per day for type 1 & 2 osteoporosis

Answer 42

> 1200g Ca++/day

Question 43

condition where there is a collapse fo a single vertebra

Answer 43

Gibbus deformity ((+) Dowager’s hump

Question 44

Condition where there is anterior vertebral wedging of at least 5 deg of 3 consecutive vertebrae

Answer 44

scheuermann’s disease/ juvenile kyphosis adolescent kyphosis / juvenile discogenic disease (JDD)

Question 45

most common structural scoliosis

Answer 45

idiopathic Adolescent (10-16y/o)

Question 46

Severity of scoliosis

Answer 46

mild= <20 deg
moderate= 20-40 deg
severe= >40 deg

Question 47

if the scoliosis is >40-50 deg, this is associated with _____

Answer 47

pain & degenerative joint disease of the spine

Question 48

if the scoliosis is >60-70 deg, this is associated with _____

Answer 48

cardiopulmonary changes & decreased life expectancy

Question 49

Spinal orthotics

scolio with apex above T6

Answer 49

milwaukee

Question 50

Spinal orthotics

scolio with apex below T6

Answer 50

Miami

Question 51

Spinal orthotics

scolio with apex below T8

Answer 51

Boston
Wilmington
Yamamoto