Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GR > 4. Pulmo Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

4. Pulmo Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A

Ventilation & perfusion
Respiration
Transport of O2 & CO2
Diffusion of O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

This is the act of moving air in and out of the lungs

A

Ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Law of physics that explains ventilation

A

Boyle’s Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the boyle’s law state?

A

As we inhale, the air goes inside the lungs. As we exhale, the air goes outside the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

This refers to the pulmonary blood flow

A

Perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which part of the upright lung has the greatest perfusion?
A. base
B. middle lobe
c. uniform throughout
d. apex

A

B. base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the normal V/Q (ventilation-perfusion) ratio?

A

0.8 or 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the normal FEV1/FVC (ventilation-perfusion) ratio?

A

0.8 or 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is normal alveolar ventilation?

A

4L/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the normal pulmonary blood flow

A

5L/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What will happen to the alveolar ventilation in COPD?

A

Decrease <0.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What will happen to the alveolar ventilation in CRPD?

A

increase <0.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This refers to gas exchange

A

respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This refers to gas exchange

A

respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 types of respiration

A
  1. external respiration
  2. Internal respiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

type of respiration that happens between the alveoli & capillaries

A

external respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

type of respiration that happens between the capillaries & tissues

A

internal respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mechanism of diffusion

A

higher to lower concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

is diffusion an active process or a passive process?

A

Passive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Components of Upper respiratory tract

A

nose
pharynx
larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

this is considered as the large mucosal surface area

A

nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

function of nose

A

filters & warms air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the hair in the nose called?

A

vibrissae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

this is also known as the throat

A

pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

3 divisions of pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

functions of each division of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx- similar to the function of nose
oropharynx- conduits of air
laryngopharynx- conduits of air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Other name of larynx

A

voice box

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

function of larynx

A

voice or sound production

ensures that air will pass through the trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

cartilages found in the larynx

A

thyroid (1)
cricoid (1)
arytenoid (2)
carniculate(2)
cuneiform(2)
epiglottis (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

this is responsible for the sphincter function

A

epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

known as the guardians of the airways

A

epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the lower respiratory tract known as?

A

tracheobronchial tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

how many generations are present in the LRT

A

23 generations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

structures comprising the LRT

A
  1. trachea/ windpipe
  2. main bronchi
  3. lobar bronchi
  4. segmental bronchi
  5. terminal bronchioles
  6. respiratory bronchioles
  7. alveolar ducts
  8. alveolar sacs
  9. alveoli
  10. capillaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the structures of the conducting zone?

A
  1. trachea/ windpipe
  2. main bronchi
  3. lobar bronchi
  4. segmental bronchi
  5. terminal bronchioles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the structures of the respiratory zone?

A
  1. respiratory bronchioles
  2. alveolar ducts
  3. alveolar sacs
  4. alveoli
  5. capillaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Other term for respiratory zone

A

Acinus/acini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

this is the functional unit of the lungs

A

acinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

this is the structural unit of the lungs

A

alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

how many alveoli are present in the lungs?

A

300 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

this structure is the most common site of intubation

A

trachea

42
Q

Common resting place for large aspirated objects

A

R main bronchi

43
Q

The right main bronchus is ____ than the left bronchus

A

shorter, wider, & more vertical

44
Q

Common lung for aspiration

A

right lung

45
Q

common resting place for small aspirated objects

A

lobar bronchi

46
Q

main bronchi bifurcates on the level of____

A

Carina

47
Q

how many fissures are present in each lung?

A

right=2
lefy=1

48
Q

What are the fissures are present in each lung?

A

right= horizontal & oblique
left= oblique fissure

49
Q

What are the lobes are present in each lung?

A

right= superior, middle, inferior lobe
left= superior & inferior lobe

50
Q

This is a tongue-shaped structure found in the left lung

A

lingula

51
Q

what is the membrane that covers the lungs including the fissures?

A

visceral pleura

52
Q

this structure is sensitive to stretch

A

visceral pleura

53
Q

what is the membrane that covers the thoracic wall?

A

parietal pleura

54
Q

this covering is sensitive to pain

A

parietal pleura

55
Q

space found between the visceral and the parietal pleura

A

pleural space/ pleural cavity/ intrapleural space

56
Q

what is the pressure of the lungs

A

-4mmHg

57
Q

fluid found in the pleural space

A

pleural fluid

58
Q

functions of pleural fluid

A

lubricates the pleurae
shock absorption

59
Q

functions of

A
60
Q

2 cells found in the lungs (pneumocytes)

A

Type I

type II

61
Q

flat cells lining the alveoli

A

Type I

62
Q

synthesizes/secretes surfactant

A

Type II

63
Q

this reduces the surface tension of the lungs to prevent collapse

A

surfactant

64
Q

newborn condition wherein the surfactant is decreased

A

respiratory distress syndrome or the hyaline membrane disease

65
Q

mostly affected in newborn infants

A

small alveoli

66
Q

How many segments are in the right upper lobe? what are these?

A

3, apical, ant & post

67
Q

How many segments are in the left upper lobe? what are these?

A

3, apical, ant & post

68
Q

How many segments are in the middle lobe? what are these?

A

2, lateral & medial segements

69
Q

How many segments are in the lingula? what are these?

A

2, superior & inferior lingula

70
Q

How many segments are in the left & right lower lobe? what are these?

A

5, superior segment (apical segments of lower lobes), ant basal segment, post basal segment, lateral basal, medial basal

71
Q

What are the borders of the thoracic rib cage?

A

ant= sternum
post=thoracic vertebrae
lat= ribs (12pairs)
superior- thoracic outlet
inferior- diaphragm muscle

72
Q

3 division of ribs

A

true
false
floating

73
Q

what comprises the true ribs? Why are they called the true ribs?

A

1-7 ribs. they are attached to the sternum

74
Q

what comprises the false ribs? why are they called false ribs?

A

8-10 ribs, they have no attachment to the sternum, they attach to the 7th rib

75
Q

what comprises the floating ribs? why are they called floating ribs?

A

11-12 ribs, they have no attachemtn to the sternum or to the other ribs

76
Q

Thoracic cage mechanism

Sternum & ribs 1-6; this increases what diameter of the thorax?

A

pump handle motion; increases AP diameter

77
Q

Thoracic cage mechanism

ribs 7-10; this increases what diameter of the thorax?

A

bucket handle motion; increases the lateral diameter of thorax

78
Q

Thoracic cage mechanism

ribs 8-12 or 11-12

A

caliper motion

79
Q

Thoracic cage mechanism

diaphragm

A

piston action

80
Q

muscles intended for relaxed inspiration

A

diaphragm muscle
external intercostals

81
Q

this is the primary muscle for relaxed inspiration

A

diaphragm muscle

82
Q

muscles intended for forced inspiration or the accessory muscles of inspiration

A

SCM
Upper trapezius
Pecs major & minor
Ant/middle/post scalene
Serratus ant./ post (superior division)

83
Q

muscles intended for relaxed expiration

A

no muscles involved
there is only an elastic/passive recoil of lungs & thorax

84
Q

muscles intended for forced expiration

A

Abdominals
Serratus post (inferior division)
Internal intercostals

85
Q

where are the controls of respiration located?

A

brainstem (pons & medulla oblongata)

86
Q

where are the controls of automatic respiratory center located?

A

brainstem (medulla oblongata)

87
Q

what are the 5 controls of respiration?

A
  1. Dorsal Respiratory group (DRG)
  2. Ventral Respiratory group (VRG)
  3. Pneumotaxic center
  4. apneustic center
  5. chemoreceptors
88
Q

where is Dorsal Respiratory group (DRG) located?

A

dorsal medulla

89
Q

other name for the dorsal medulla

A

nucleus tractus solitarius

90
Q

main function of the Dorsal Respiratory group (DRG)

A

inspiration

91
Q

what signal is found in the Dorsal Respiratory group (DRG)? what is the function?

A

inspiratory ramp signal

inhale= 2 secs on
exhale= 3 secs off

92
Q

where is the Ventral Respiratory group (VRG) located?

A

Vetro-lateral medulla

93
Q

other name for ventro-lateral medulla

A

nucleus ambiguus & retroambiguus

94
Q

functions of Ventral Respiratory group (VRG)

A

main: expiration
also functions for inspiration

95
Q

where is Pneumotaxic center located?

A

Upper pons

96
Q

other term for upper pons

A

nucleus parabrachialis

97
Q

funciton o f Pneumotaxic center

A

limits inspiration by switching off the inspiratory ramp signal

controls the rate & depth of breathing

98
Q

where is the apneustic center located?

A

lower pons

99
Q

function of the apneustic center

A

prevents the switching off of the inspiratory ramp signal

100
Q

2 types of chemoreceptors, their locations, & their stimuli

A
  1. central- ventral medulla; increase hydrogen ions/ decrease pH
  2. peripheral- carotid & aortic bodies; dec PaO2. inc PaCO2, & acidosis (dec pH)

GR (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions